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Heavy ion collisions in the low energy run at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Germany are expected to produce a quark-gluon plasma that has a finite baryon chemical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-03-07 Lie-Wen Chen , Che Ming Ko , Wei Liu , Ben-Wei Zhang

Due to their weak final state interactions, the $\phi$ meson and $\Omega$ baryon provide unique probes of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using the quark recombination model with…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-04-18 Zhidong Yang , Lie-Wen Chen

Hybrid approaches based on relativistic hydrodynamics and transport theory have been successfully applied for many years for the dynamical description of heavy ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. In this work a new viscous hybrid…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-09 Iu. A. Karpenko , P. Huovinen , H. Petersen , M. Bleicher

Thermalization and collective flow of charm (c) and bottom (b) quarks in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are evaluated based on elastic parton rescattering in an expanding quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We show that resonant interactions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Hendrik van Hees , Vincenzo Greco , Ralf Rapp

I review recent developments in the field of relativistic hydrodynamics and its application to the bulk dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy- Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, I…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Bjoern Schenke

Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties, including, for example, a low shear viscosity over entropy ratio. By detecting the collection of low-momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-20 Liliana Apolinário , Yen-Jie Lee , Michael Winn

The formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collision, is expected to be accompanied by a background of ordinary collision events without phase transition. In this short note an algorithm is proposed to select the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Liu Lianshou , Chen Qinghua , Hu Yuan

Heavy flavor observables provide valuable information on the properties of the hot and dense Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Various microscopic models have successfully described many of…

This work presents a Bayesian inference study for relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The theoretical model simulates event-by-event (3+1)D collision dynamics using…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Syed Afrid Jahan , Hendrik Roch , Chun Shen

Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-18 Jürgen Berges , Michal P. Heller , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Raju Venugopalan

Understanding the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) offers insights into the strong interaction and the conditions of the early universe.Since the QGP cannot be observed directly, its properties must be inferred from the particles…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-08-20 Somadutta Bhatta

The specific shear viscosity (eta/s)_QGP of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) can be extracted from elliptic flow data in heavy-ion collisions by comparing them with the dynamical model VISHNU which couples a viscous fluid dynamic description of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-04-26 Ulrich W. Heinz , Chun Shen , Huichao Song

Using the recently published model for the collisional energy loss of heavy quarks (Q) in a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), based on perturbative QCD (pQCD) with a running coupling constant, we study the interaction between heavy quarks and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-14 P. B. Gossiaux , R. Bierkandt , J. Aichelin

We present a demonstration of the design sampling and closure for the first comprehensive Bayesian model-to-data comparison of heavy-ion measurements with IP-Glasma initial conditions, in which we combine with state-of-the-art hydrodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-01 Matthew Heffernan , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Jean-Francois Paquet

We present a new determination of $\hat{q}$, the jet transport coefficient of the quark-gluon plasma. Using the JETSCAPE framework, we use Bayesian parameter estimation to constrain the dependence of $\hat{q}$ on the jet energy, virtuality,…

This work presents the first Bayesian inference study of the (3+1)D dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) viscosities using an event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics + hadronic transport theoretical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-18 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke , Wenbin Zhao

The rapid thermalization of quarks and gluons in the initial stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions is treated using analytic solutions of a nonlinear diffusion equation with schematic initial conditions, and for gluons with boundary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-04 Georg Wolschin

We perform a global Bayesian analysis of a modern event-by-event heavy-ion collision model and LHC data at $\sqrt s$ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. After calibration, the model simultaneously describes multiplicity, transverse momentum, and flow data…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland , Steffen A. Bass

Heavy-ion collisions are well described by a dynamical evolution with a long hydrodynamical phase. In this phase the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma are reflected in the equation of state (EoS) and the transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-12-06 A. Dubla , S. Masciocchi , J. M. Pawlowski , B. Schenke , C. Shen , J. Stachel

We study the evolution of the quark-gluon composition of the plasma created in ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions (uRHIC's) employing a partonic transport theory that includes both elastic and inelastic collisions plus a mean fields…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-12-09 F. Scardina , M. Colonna , S. Plumari , V. Greco