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We provide an extension of concurrent Kleene algebras to account for probabilistic properties. The algebra yields a unified framework containing nondeterminism, concurrency and probability and is sound with respect to the set of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is an efficient fragment of KAT, as it allows for almost linear decidability of equivalence. In this paper, we study the (co)algebraic properties of GKAT. Our initial focus is on the fragment that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Todd Schmid , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Pomsets constitute one of the most basic models of concurrency. A pomset is a generalisation of a word over an alphabet in that letters may be partially ordered. A term $t$ using the bi-Kleene operations $0,1, +, \cdot\, ,^*, \parallel,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Michael R Laurence , Georg Struth

Automata models for data languages (i.e. languages over infinite alphabets) often feature either global or local freshness operators. We show that Bollig et al.'s session automata, which focus on global freshness, are equivalent to regular…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Lutz Schröder , Dexter Kozen , Stefan Milius , Thorsten Wißmann

Commonsense question answering (CQA) aims to test if models can answer questions regarding commonsense knowledge that everyone knows. Prior works that incorporate external knowledge bases have shown promising results, but knowledge bases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Zi-Yi Dou , Nanyun Peng

We show how concurrent quantales and concurrent Kleene algebras arise as convolution algebras $Q^X$ of functions from structures $X$ with two ternary relations that satisfy relational interchange laws into concurrent quantales or Kleene…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-07 James Cranch , Simon Doherty , Georg Struth

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is the fragment of Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that arises by replacing the union and iteration operations of KAT with predicate-guarded variants. GKAT is more efficiently decidable than KAT and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Stefan Zetzsche , Alexandra Silva , Matteo Sammartino

We give a new true-concurrent model for probabilistic concurrent Kleene algebra. The model is based on probabilistic event structures, which combines ideas from Katoen's work on probabilistic concurrency and Varacca's probabilistic prime…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

Weighted programs generalize probabilistic programs and offer a framework for specifying and encoding mathematical models by means of an algorithmic representation. Kleene algebra with tests is an algebraic formalism based on regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Igor Sedlár

The theory of finite automata concerns itself with words in a free monoid together with concatenation and without further structure. There are, however, important applications which use alphabets which are structured in some sense. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg

Within the tensor product $K \mathop{\otimes_{\cal R}} C_2'$ of any ${}^*$-continuous Kleene algebra $K$ with the polycyclic ${}^*$-continuous Kleene algebra $C_2'$ over two bracket pairs there is a copy of the fixed-point closure of $K$:…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mark Hopkins , Hans Leiß

The Kleene theorem establishes a fundamental link between automata and expressions over the free monoid. Numerous generalisations of this result exist in the literature. Lifting this result to a weighted setting has been widely studied.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Nicolas Baudru , Louis-Marie Dando , Nathan Lhote , Benjamin Monmege , Pierre-Alain Reynier , Jean-Marc Talbot

We study Kleene iteration in the categorical context. A celebrated completeness result by Kozen introduced Kleene algebra (with tests) as a ubiquitous tool for lightweight reasoning about program equivalence, and yet, numerous variants of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sergey Goncharov , Tarmo Uustalu

In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Damien Pous , Jurriaan Rot , Jana Wagemaker

We provide new insights on the determinization and minimization of tree automata using congruences on trees. From this perspective, we study a Brzozowski's style minimization algorithm for tree automata. First, we prove correct this method…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Pierre Ganty , Elena Gutiérrez , Pedro Valero

We present a reflexive tactic for deciding the equational theory of Kleene algebras in the Coq proof assistant. This tactic relies on a careful implementation of efficient finite automata algorithms, so that it solves casual equations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Thomas Braibant , Damien Pous

A notion of generalized regular expressions for a large class of systems modeled as coalgebras, and an analogue of Kleene's theorem and Kleene algebra, were recently proposed by a subset of the authors of this paper. Examples of the systems…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-03-12 Marcello Bonsangue , Georgiana Caltais , Eugen-Ioan Goriac , Dorel Lucanu , Jan Rutten , Alexandra Silva

Context-free language theory is a subject of high importance in computer language processing technology as well as in formal language theory. This paper presents a formalization, using the Coq proof assistant, of fundamental results related…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Marcus V. M. Ramos , Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz , Nelma Moreira , José Carlos Bacelar Almeida

This paper shows how the use of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) in the style popularized by the process-algebra community can lead to a more succinct and useful construction for building finite automata from regular expressions. Such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Rance Cleaveland

Kleene algebras with tests (KATs) offer sound, complete, and decidable equational reasoning about regularly structured programs. Interest in KATs has increased greatly since NetKAT demonstrated how well extensions of KATs with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Michael Greenberg , Ryan Beckett , Eric Campbell