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Machine Learning (ML) techniques can facilitate the automation of malicious software (malware for short) detection, but suffer from evasion attacks. Many studies counter such attacks in heuristic manners, lacking theoretical guarantees and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Deqiang Li , Shicheng Cui , Yun Li , Jia Xu , Fu Xiao , Shouhuai Xu

To cope with the increasing variability and sophistication of modern attacks, machine learning has been widely adopted as a statistically-sound tool for malware detection. However, its security against well-crafted attacks has not only been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Ambra Demontis , Marco Melis , Battista Biggio , Davide Maiorca , Daniel Arp , Konrad Rieck , Igino Corona , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

The extensive damage caused by malware requires anti-malware systems to be constantly improved to prevent new threats. The current trend in malware detection is to employ machine learning models to aid in the classification process. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Marcus Carpenter , Chunbo Luo

The rise in popularity of the Android platform has resulted in an explosion of malware threats targeting it. As both Android malware and the operating system itself constantly evolve, it is very challenging to design robust malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Enrico Mariconti , Lucky Onwuzurike , Panagiotis Andriotis , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gordon Ross , Gianluca Stringhini

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is implemented when algorithms are trained on both labeled and unlabeled data. This is a very common application of ML as it is unrealistic to obtain a fully labeled dataset. Researchers have tackled three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jason Lu , Michael Ma , Huaze Xu , Zixi Xu

Android is the predominant mobile operating system for the past few years. The prevalence of devices that can be powered by Android magnetized not merely application developers but also malware developers with criminal intention to design…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Abdelmonim Naway , Yuancheng LI

The ever-increasing number of Android devices and the accelerated evolution of malware, reaching over 35 million samples by 2024, highlight the critical importance of effective detection methods. Attackers are now using Artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Angelo Gaspar Diniz Nogueira , Kayua Oleques Paim , Hendrio Bragança , Rodrigo Brandão Mansilha , Diego Kreutz

It is well-known that malware constantly evolves so as to evade detection and this causes the entire malware population to be non-stationary. Contrary to this fact, prior works on machine learning based Android malware detection have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Annamalai Narayanan , Liu Yang , Lihui Chen , Liu Jinliang

Android malware has been on the rise in recent years due to the increasing popularity of Android and the proliferation of third party application markets. Emerging Android malware families are increasingly adopting sophisticated detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-06 BooJoong Kang , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer , Kieran McLaughlin

Due to abundance of data from multiple modalities, cross-modal retrieval tasks with image-text, audio-image, etc. are gaining increasing importance. Of the different approaches proposed, supervised methods usually give significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Devraj Mandal , Pramod Rao , Soma Biswas

The deep learning approach to detecting malicious software (malware) is promising but has yet to tackle the problem of dataset shift, namely that the joint distribution of examples and their labels associated with the test set is different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Deqiang Li , Tian Qiu , Shuo Chen , Qianmu Li , Shouhuai Xu

Due to the vast array of Android applications, their multifarious functions and intricate behavioral semantics, attackers can adopt various tactics to conceal their genuine attack intentions within legitimate functions. However, numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Wenxiang Zhao , Juntao Wu , Zhaoyi Meng

In recent years, learning-based Android malware detection has seen significant advancements, with detectors generally falling into three categories: string-based, image-based, and graph-based approaches. While these methods have shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Doan Minh Trung , Tien Duc Anh Hao , Luong Hoang Minh , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Nguyen Tan Cam , Van-Hau Pham , Phan The Duy

Clustering has been well studied for desktop malware analysis as an effective triage method. Conventional similarity-based clustering techniques, however, cannot be immediately applied to Android malware analysis due to the excessive use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Yuping Li , Jiyong Jang , Xin Hu , Xinming Ou

In many modern machine learning applications, the outcome is expensive or time-consuming to collect while the predictor information is easy to obtain. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims at utilizing large amounts of `unlabeled' data along…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-16 Jessica Gronsbell , Tianxi Cai

Machine learning (ML) has gained significant adoption in Android malware detection to address the escalating threats posed by the rapid proliferation of malware attacks. However, recent studies have revealed the inherent vulnerabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Zongyao Chen , Shui Yu

The Android operating system has been the most popular for smartphones and tablets since 2012. This popularity has led to a rapid raise of Android malware in recent years. The sophistication of Android malware obfuscation and detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Mohammed K. Alzaylaee , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer

Network and system security are incredibly critical issues now. Due to the rapid proliferation of malware, traditional analysis methods struggle with enormous samples. In this paper, we propose four easy-to-extract and small-scale features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhenshuo Chen , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in various code intelligence tasks. However, their effectiveness for Android malware analysis remains underexplored. Decompiled Android malware code presents unique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yiling He , Hongyu She , Xingzhi Qian , Xinran Zheng , Zhuo Chen , Zhan Qin , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Widespread growth in Android malwares stimulates security researchers to propose different methods for analyzing and detecting malicious behaviors in applications. Nevertheless, current solutions are ill-suited to extract the fine-grained…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Majid Salehi , Morteza Amini