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In this lecture note, we present several topics on relativistic hydrodynamics and its application to relativistic heavy ion collisions. In the first part we give a brief introduction to relativistic hydrodynamics in the context of heavy ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Tetsufumi Hirano , Naomi van der Kolk , Ante Bilandzic

We evaluate the full opacity dependence of collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within a microscopic kinetic description based on the Boltzmann equation in the conformal relaxation time approximation. By comparing kinetic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-24 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

We review a dynamical approach to non-equilibrium MD (D-NEMD). We show how, using a proper simulation setup, is possible to treat interesting cases in which the initial condition is a stationary non-equilibrium state produced by a suitable…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Sergio Orlandini , Simone Meloni , Giovanni Ciccotti

A formalism for anisotropic fluid dynamics is proposed. It is designed to describe boost-invariant systems with anisotropic pressure. Such systems are expected to be produced at the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, when…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Wojciech Florkowski

We exploit the concept of hydrodynamic attractors to establish a general relation between the initial state energy and the produced particle multiplicities in high-energy nuclear collisions. When combined with an ab initio model of energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-01 Giuliano Giacalone , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Sören Schlichting

We give a short review of hydrodynamic models at heavy ion collisions from the point of view of initial conditions, an equation of states (EoS) and freezeout process. Then we show our latest results of a combined fully three-dimensional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Chiho Nonaka

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and net-baryon density distributions in heavy ion collisions at arbitrary collision energy. The model includes the dynamical deceleration of participating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-21 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

To bracket the importance of the pre-equilibrium stage on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we compare simulations where it is modeled by either free-streaming partons or fluid dynamics. These cases implement the assumptions of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

Some recent developments in exact results in relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed. We discuss phenomenological applications in high-energy collisions and theoretical features of the solutions. We compare the method of numerical modelling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-11 M. I. Nagy

Recent developments based on relativistic hydrodynamic models in high energy heavy ion collisions are discussed. I focus especially on how hydrodynamics works at RHIC energies and how one can use the most of it in analyses of jet quenching…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-11-30 Tetsufumi Hirano

Anisotropic hydrodynamics is a non-perturbative reorganization of relativistic hydrodynamics that takes into account the large momentum-space anisotropies generated in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. As a result, it allows one to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-01-06 Michael Strickland

Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 C. E. Aguiar , Y. Hama , T. Kodama , T. Osada

The relativistic hydrodynamic model is applied to describe the expansion of the dense matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid, supplemented with the statistical emission of hadrons at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-03-27 Piotr Bozek

Theoretical studies on the early-time dynamics in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are reviewed including pedagogical introductions on the initial condition with small-x gluons treated as a color glass condensate, the bottom-up…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Kenji Fukushima

To describe ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we construct a three-fluid hydrodynamical model. In contrast to one-fluid hydrodynamics, it accounts for the finite stopping power of nuclear matter, i.e. for nonequilibrium effects in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 J. Brachmann , A. Dumitru , J. A. Maruhn , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner , D. H. Rischke

In this review, I present the description of the early stages of heavy ion collisions at high energy in the Color Glass Condensate framework, from the pre-collision high energy nuclear wavefunction to the point where hydrodynamics may start…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-07 F. Gelis

Kinetic equilibration during the early stage of a relativistic heavy ion collision is studied using a radiative transport model. Thermalization is found to dominate over expansion with medium regulated cross sections. Pressure anisotropy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-03-13 Bin Zhang

Event-by-event hydrodynamics, with fluctuating initial conditions, has shown to nicely reproduce several features of experimentally observed quantities in high-energy nuclear collisions. Here we discuss how it may help to understand, in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 Yogiro Hama , Rone Peterson G. Andrade , Frederique Grassi , Wei-Liang Qian

State-of-the-art simulations of high-energy nuclear collisions rely on hybrid setups, involving in particular a pre-equilibrium stage to let the system evolve from a far-from-equilibrium initial condition towards a near-equilibrated state…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-31 Nicolas Borghini , Renata Krupczak , Hendrik Roch

The idea that the parton system created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (i) emerges in a state with transverse momenta close to thermodynamic equilibrium and (ii) its evolution at early times is dominated by the 2-dimensional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Bialas , M. Chojnacki , W. Florkowski