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We propose a simple approximation scheme to compute the effective charge of highly charged colloids (spherical or cylindrical with infinite length). Within non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory, we start from an expression of the effective…
We calculate ab-initio the electronic states and the Born dynamical charge Z* of the alkaline-earth oxides in the local-density approximation. We investigate the trend of increasing Z* values through the series, using band-by-band…
Based on recent first-principles computations in perovskite compounds, especially BaTiO3, we examine the significance of the Born effective charge concept and contrast it with other atomic charge definitions, either static (Mulliken,…
The partition function, $U$, the number of available states in an atom or molecules, is crucial for understanding the physical state of any astrophysical system in thermodynamic equilibrium. There are surprisingly few {\em useful}…
The subject of space charge in ionization detectors is reviewed, showing how the observations and the formalism used to describe the effects have evolved, starting with applications to calorimeters and reaching recent, large-size time…
The article focuses on the issue of the two definitions of charge, mainly the gauge charge and the effective charge of fundamental particles. Most textbooks on classical electromagnetism and quantum field theory only works with the gauge…
The charge of an electron in a cluster of n electrons is not ne but it is a fraction. We make many different clusters and calculate their charge per electron. We make 84 clusters and calculate the charge of an electron in these clusters.…
The moments of the charge distributions obtained by the analysis of electron-scattering data are examined in $^3$H and $^3$He. It is shown that the experimental form-factors are well explained, but the values of the moments of the charge…
Solutions to the complementarity problem constructed in [1], generally, possess non-zero total charge. In natural sciences, bodies possessing non-zero total charge (ions and similar object) are considered as specific objects. Bodies…
Understanding the response of the surface of metallic solids to external electric field sources is crucial to characterize electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Continuum electrostatics offer a simple description of the induced charge density…
The energies of a pair of strongly-interacting subsystems with arbitrary noninteger charges are examined from closed and open system perspectives. An ensemble representation of the charge dependence is derived, valid at all interaction…
Electron affinity, electronegativity and electrophilicity of several neutral atoms and their positive and negative ions are calculated at various levels of theory using different basis sets in the gas phase as well as in the presence of…
Advances in gauge theories and unified theories have not thrown light on the meaning of electron. The problem of the origin of electronic charge is made precise, new insights gained from Weyl space are summarized, and the origin of charge…
The method of integrals of motion is used to construct families of generalized coherent states of a nonrelativistic spinless charged particle in a constant electric field. Families of states, differing in the values of their standard…
A number of basic scientific questions relating to ion conduction in homogeneously disordered solids are discussed. The questions deal with how to define the mobile ion density, what can be learned from electrode effects, what is the ion…
The quantization of the electrical charge in the electrodynamics and of the hypercharge in the standard model are imposed in the theory based not on theoretical arguments but on the experimental observations. In this paper we propose a…
We examine critically the idea that fractional charges may carry electrical current in a conductor, much as do the normal electrons in a metallic Fermi liquid. We explore a range of issues that have gained the status of indispensability for…
For the first time, we report a theoretical methodology to predict charge state distribution of projectile ions inside a solid-target. The method utilizes either a simple Fermi gas model or an ab initio theoretical method and a certain…
On the basis of the transfer matrix technique an analytical method to investigate the stationary states, for an electron in one-dimensional periodic structures in an external electrical field, displaying the symmetry of the problem is…
We resolve issues that have plagued reliable prediction of relative phase stability for solid-solutions and compounds. Due to its commercially important phase diagram, we showcase Al-Li system because historically density-functional theory…