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Several emerging non-volatile (NV) memory technologies are rising as interesting alternatives to build the Last-Level Cache (LLC). Their advantages, compared to SRAM memory, are higher density and lower static power, but write operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Carlos Escuin , Pablo Ibañez , Teresa Monreal , Jose M. Llaberia , Victor Viñals

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li

Flash memory has been widely adopted as stand-alone memory and embedded memory due to its robust reliability. However, the limited endurance obstacles its further applications in storage class memory (SCM) and to proceed endurance-required…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Yang Feng , Zhaohui Sun , Chengcheng Wang , Xinyi Guo , Junyao Mei , Yueran Qi , Jing Liu , Junyu Zhang , Jixuan Wu , Xuepeng Zhan , Jiezhi Chen

Solid state drives have a number of interesting characteristics. However, there are numerous file system and storage design issues for SSDs that impact the performance and device endurance. Many flash-oriented and flash-friendly file…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Viacheslav Dubeyko

Flash memory is widely used as the secondary storage in lightweight computing devices due to its outstanding advantages over magnetic disks. Flash memory has many access characteristics different from those of magnetic disks, and how to…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-01-22 Yi-Reun Kim , Kyu-Young Whang , Il-Yeol Song

In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Sparsh Mittal

Persistent memory (PM) is an emerging class of storage technology that combines the benefits of DRAM and SSD. This characteristic inspires research on persistent objects in PM with fine-grained concurrency control. Among such objects,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Kyeongmin Cho , Seungmin Jeon , Jeehoon Kang

Solid-state storage architectures based on NAND or emerging memory devices (SSD), are fundamentally architected and optimized for both reliability and performance. Achieving these simultaneous goals requires co-design of memory components…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jay Sarkar , Vamsi Pavan Rayaprolu , Abhijeet Bhalerao

State-space models (SSMs) face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and expressivity that is mainly dictated by the structure of the model's transition matrix. Unstructured transition matrices enable maximal expressivity, as measured…

Caches in Content-Centric Networks (CCN) are increasingly adopting flash memory based storage. The current flash cache technology stores all files with the largest possible expiry date, i.e. the files are written in the memory so that they…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Samta Shukla , Alhussein A. Abouzeid

Although NAND flash memory has achieved continuous capacity improvements via advanced 3D stacking and multi-level cell technologies, these innovations introduce new reliability challenges, particularly lateral charge spreading (LCS), absent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Omin Kwon , Kyungjun Oh , Jaeyong Lee , Myungsuk Kim , Jihong Kim

AI clusters today are one of the major uses of High Bandwidth Memory (HBM). However, HBM is suboptimal for AI workloads for several reasons. Analysis shows HBM is overprovisioned on write performance, but underprovisioned on density and…

Flash memories intended for SSD and mobile applications need to provide high random I/O performance. This requires using efficient schemes for reading small chunks of data (e.g. 0.5KB - 4KB) from random addresses. Furthermore, in order to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-01 Eran Sharon , Idan Alrod

The Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (DCPM) is an attractive novel technology for building storage systems for data intensive HPC applications, as it provides lower cost per byte, low standby power and larger capacities than DRAM, with…

Various constraints of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) are leading to consider new memory technologies as candidates for building on-chip shared last-level caches (SLLCs). Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is currently postulated as the…

Long-term memory has emerged as a foundational component of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, enabling continuous adaptation, lifelong multimodal learning, and sophisticated reasoning. However, as memory systems transition from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chingkwun Lam , Jiaxin Li , Lingfei Zhang , Kuo Zhao

Recently, flash memories have become a competitive solution for mass storage. The flash memories have rather different properties compared with the rotary hard drives. That is, the writing of flash memories is constrained, and flash…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Xudong Ma

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally analyzing, exploiting, and addressing vulnerabilities in multi-level cell NAND flash memory programming, which was published in the industrial session of HPCA 2017, and examines the work's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Yixin Luo , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu , Erich F. Haratsch

Prices of NAND flash memories are falling drastically due to market growth and fabrication process mastering while research efforts from a technological point of view in terms of endurance and density are very active. NAND flash memories…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-09-17 Jalil Boukhobza , Pierre Olivier , Stéphane Rubini

In recent years, researchers have explored use of non-volatile devices such as STT-RAM (spin torque transfer RAM) for designing on-chip caches, since they provide high density and consume low leakage power. A common limitation of all…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-01 Sparsh Mittal