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Deep learning inference on embedded devices is a burgeoning field with myriad applications because tiny embedded devices are omnipresent. But we must overcome major challenges before we can benefit from this opportunity. Embedded processors…

When existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) solutions are intended to be used for new knowledge domains, it is necessary to update their encoders, which are taken to be pretrained large language models (LLMs). However, fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Marijan Fofonjka , Shahryar Zehtabi , Alireza Behtash , Tyler Mauer , David Stout

In this paper, we present a novel and general network structure towards accelerating the inference process of convolutional neural networks, which is more complicated in network structure yet with less inference complexity. The core idea is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Xuanyi Dong , Junshi Huang , Yi Yang , Shuicheng Yan

We present a library to automatically embed signal processing and neural network predictions into the material robots are made of. Deep and shallow neural network models are first trained offline using state-of-the-art machine learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Sarah Aguasvivas Manzano , Dana Hughes , Cooper Simpson , Radhen Patel , Nikolaus Correll

In this paper, we provide a deep dive into the deployment of inference accelerators at Facebook. Many of our ML workloads have unique characteristics, such as sparse memory accesses, large model sizes, as well as high compute, memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Michael Anderson , Benny Chen , Stephen Chen , Summer Deng , Jordan Fix , Michael Gschwind , Aravind Kalaiah , Changkyu Kim , Jaewon Lee , Jason Liang , Haixin Liu , Yinghai Lu , Jack Montgomery , Arun Moorthy , Satish Nadathur , Sam Naghshineh , Avinash Nayak , Jongsoo Park , Chris Petersen , Martin Schatz , Narayanan Sundaram , Bangsheng Tang , Peter Tang , Amy Yang , Jiecao Yu , Hector Yuen , Ying Zhang , Aravind Anbudurai , Vandana Balan , Harsha Bojja , Joe Boyd , Matthew Breitbach , Claudio Caldato , Anna Calvo , Garret Catron , Sneh Chandwani , Panos Christeas , Brad Cottel , Brian Coutinho , Arun Dalli , Abhishek Dhanotia , Oniel Duncan , Roman Dzhabarov , Simon Elmir , Chunli Fu , Wenyin Fu , Michael Fulthorp , Adi Gangidi , Nick Gibson , Sean Gordon , Beatriz Padilla Hernandez , Daniel Ho , Yu-Cheng Huang , Olof Johansson , Shishir Juluri , Shobhit Kanaujia , Manali Kesarkar , Jonathan Killinger , Ben Kim , Rohan Kulkarni , Meghan Lele , Huayu Li , Huamin Li , Yueming Li , Cynthia Liu , Jerry Liu , Bert Maher , Chandra Mallipedi , Seema Mangla , Kiran Kumar Matam , Jubin Mehta , Shobhit Mehta , Christopher Mitchell , Bharath Muthiah , Nitin Nagarkatte , Ashwin Narasimha , Bernard Nguyen , Thiara Ortiz , Soumya Padmanabha , Deng Pan , Ashwin Poojary , Ye , Qi , Olivier Raginel , Dwarak Rajagopal , Tristan Rice , Craig Ross , Nadav Rotem , Scott Russ , Kushal Shah , Baohua Shan , Hao Shen , Pavan Shetty , Krish Skandakumaran , Kutta Srinivasan , Roshan Sumbaly , Michael Tauberg , Mor Tzur , Sidharth Verma , Hao Wang , Man Wang , Ben Wei , Alex Xia , Chenyu Xu , Martin Yang , Kai Zhang , Ruoxi Zhang , Ming Zhao , Whitney Zhao , Rui Zhu , Ajit Mathews , Lin Qiao , Misha Smelyanskiy , Bill Jia , Vijay Rao

Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) cores offers significant performance and energy benefits for neural network inference with respect to digital logic (e.g., CPUs). AIMCs accelerate matrix-vector multiplications, which dominate these…

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning is made possible by the availability of big data, enormous compute power and, often overlooked, development tools or frameworks. As the algorithms become mature and efficient, more and more ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda

On-device inference of machine learning models for mobile phones is desirable due to its lower latency and increased privacy. Running such a compute-intensive task solely on the mobile CPU, however, can be difficult due to limited computing…

The design and implementation of Deep Learning (DL) models is currently receiving a lot of attention from both industrials and academics. However, the computational workload associated with DL is often out of reach for low-power embedded…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Etienne Dupuis , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Olivier Sentieys , David Novo , Ian O'Connor , Alberto Bosio

We present Inferflow, an efficient and highly configurable inference engine for large language models (LLMs). With Inferflow, users can serve most of the common transformer models by simply modifying some lines in corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shuming Shi , Enbo Zhao , Deng Cai , Leyang Cui , Xinting Huang , Huayang Li

Deep Recommender Models (DLRMs) inference is a fundamental AI workload accounting for more than 79% of the total AI workload in Meta's data centers. DLRMs' performance bottleneck is found in the embedding layers, which perform many random…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Giuseppe Ruggeri , Renzo Andri , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Lukas Cavigelli

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is crucial for delivering fast responses and ensuring data privacy. However, the limited storage, weight, and power of edge devices make it difficult to deploy LLM-powered applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chunlin Tian , Xinpeng Qin , Kahou Tam , Li Li , Zijian Wang , Yuanzhe Zhao , Minglei Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

Deploying sophisticated deep learning models on embedded devices with the purpose of solving real-world problems is a struggle using today's technology. Privacy and data limitations, network connection issues, and the need for fast model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Giorgos Demosthenous , Vassilis Vassiliades

Interest in deploying Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference on edge devices has resulted in an explosion of the number and types of hardware platforms to use. While the high-level programming interface, such as TensorFlow, can be readily…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Upasana Sridhar , Nicholai Tukanov , Elliott Binder , Tze Meng Low , Scott McMillan , Martin D. Schatz

Large Language Model (LLM) inference requires substantial computational resources, yet CPU-based inference remains essential for democratizing AI due to the widespread availability of CPUs compared to specialized accelerators. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jingyao Zhang , Jaewoo Park , Jongeun Lee , Elaheh Sadredini

Deep learning (DL) is one of the most prominent branches of machine learning. Due to the immense computational cost of DL workloads, industry and academia have developed DL libraries with highly-specialized kernels for each…

We evolve PyDTNN, a framework for distributed parallel training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), into an efficient inference tool for convolutional neural networks. Our optimization process on multicore ARM processors involves several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Adrián Castelló , Sergio Barrachina , Manuel F. Dolz , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí , Pau San Juan

This paper presents the Neural Cache architecture, which re-purposes cache structures to transform them into massively parallel compute units capable of running inferences for Deep Neural Networks. Techniques to do in-situ arithmetic in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Charles Eckert , Xiaowei Wang , Jingcheng Wang , Arun Subramaniyan , Ravi Iyer , Dennis Sylvester , David Blaauw , Reetuparna Das

Running LLMs with extended reasoning on every problem is expensive, but determining which inputs actually require additional compute remains challenging. We investigate whether their own likelihood of success is recoverable from their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 William Lugoloobi , Thomas Foster , William Bankes , Chris Russell

State of the art deep learning models have made steady progress in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing, at the expense of growing model sizes and computational complexity. Deploying these models on low power and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Meghan Cowan , Thierry Moreau , Tianqi Chen , Luis Ceze
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