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The normal and the inverted pendulum continue to be one of the main physical models and metaphors in science. The inverted pendulum is also a classic study case in control theory. In this paper we consider a special demonstration version of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Borg

We study dynamics of an wheeled inverted pendulum under a proportional-integral-derivative controller on horizontal, inclined and soft surfaces. An oscillatory area and conditions of the stability for the control are shown on the phase…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2020-06-12 O. M. Kiselev

This work studies the stabilization for a periodic parabolic system under perturbations in the system conductivity. A perturbed system does not have any periodic solution in general. However, we will prove that the perturbed system can…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-02-26 Ling Lei

Dynamical stabilization of an inverted pendulum through vertical movement of the pivot is a well-known counterintuitive phenomenon in classical mechanics. This system is also known as Kapitza pendulum and the stability can be explained with…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 Nivedita Bhadra

We consider linear time-invariant dynamic systems in the single-input, single-output (SISO) framework. In particular, we consider stabilization of an inverted pendulum on a cart using a force on the cart. This system is easy to stabilize…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-12 Bidhayak Goswami , Anindya Chatterjee

An inverted planar pendulum with horizontally moving pivot point is considered. It is assumed that the law of motion of the pivot point is given and the pendulum is moving in the presence of dry friction. Sufficient conditions for the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Ivan Polekhin

The scope of inverted pendulum has been widely studied as one of the notable research with respect to standing in balance. The concept of this pendulum is similar to missile guidance, meaning that the center of drag is ahead that of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Bambang L. Widjiantoro , Moh Kamalul Wafi

Control of a hybrid dynamical system can manifest in one of two main ways: either through the continuous or the discrete dynamics. An example of controls influencing the continuous dynamics is legged locomotion, where the joints are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-29 William Clark , Dora Kassabova

In this article, we focus on the global stabilizability problem for a class of second order uncertain stochastic control systems, where both the drift term and the diffusion term are nonlinear functions of the state variables and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Cheng Zhao , Yanbin Zhang

We study stochastic dynamics of an inverted pendulum subject to a random force in the horizontal direction (Whitney's problem). Considered on the entire time axis, the problem admits a unique solution that always remains in the upper half…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-17 Nikolai A. Stepanov , Mikhail A. Skvortsov

The topological obstructions on the attitude space of a rigid body make global asymptotic stabilization impossible using continuous state-feedback. This paper presents novel algorithms to overcome such topological limitations and achieve…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Mahathi Bhargavapuri , Soumya Ranjan Sahoo , Mangal Kothari

We identify the nonlinear normal modes spawning from the stable equilibrium of a double pendulum under gravity, and we establish their connection to homoclinic orbits through the unstable upright position as energy increases. This result is…

We study dynamics of the inverted pendulum on the wheel on a soft surface and under a proportional-integral-derivative controller. The behaviour of such pendulum is modelled by a system with a differential inclusion. If the the system has a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-12 O. M. Kiselev

The inverted pendulum is a mechanical system with a rapidly oscillating pivot point. Using techniques similar in spirit to the methodology of effective field theories, we derive an effective Lagrangian that allows for the systematic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-20 Martin Beneke , Matthias König , Martin Link

In the paper we consider systems in oscillating force fields such that the classical method of averaging can be applied. We present sufficient conditions for the existence of forced oscillations in such systems and study the asymptotic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Ivan Polekhin

In this document, we deal with the stabilization problem of slow-fast systems (or singularly perturbed Ordinary Differential Equations) at a non-hyperbolic point. The class of systems studied here have the following properties: 1) they have…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-26 H. Jardon-Kojakhmetov , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen , D. del Puerto-Flores

The Helmholtz conditions are necessary and sufficient conditions for a system of second order differential equations to be variational, that is, equivalent to a system of Euler-Lagrange equations for a regular Lagrangian. On the other hand,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Marta Farré Puiggalí , Anthony M. Bloch

Quantifying the stability of an equilibrium is central in the theory of dynamical systems as well as in engineering and control. A comprehensive picture must include the response to both small and large perturbations, leading to the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-03-08 Philipp C. Böttcher , Benjamin Schäfer , Stefan Kettemann , Carsten Agert , Dirk Witthaut

We show that if a linear infinite-dimensional system is exponentially stabilizable by compact feedback, it is also stabilizable by means of a sampled-data feedback that is fed through a globally Lipschitz nonlinearity, provided that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Rami Katz , Andrii Mironchenko

This study investigates the performance of cascade PID control architecture applied to an inverted pendulum on a cart system through both simulation and experimental implementation. A nonlinear model of the system was developed using…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Khalid Mehrab , Md Zamiul Alam , Shadman Tahmid Haque