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Expectation maximisation (EM) is an unsupervised learning method for estimating the parameters of a finite mixture distribution. It works by introducing "hidden" or "latent" variables via Baum's auxiliary function $Q$ that allow the joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Graham W. Pulford

To quantify the complexity of a system, entropy-based methods have received considerable critical attentions in real-world data analysis. Among numerous entropy algorithms, amplitude-based formulas, represented by Sample Entropy, suffer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 Hongjian Xiao , Danilo P. Mandic

We test the possibility of using a convolutional neural network to infer the inclination angle of a black hole directly from the incomplete image of the black hole's shadow in the $uv$-plane. To this end, we develop a proof-of-concept…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-29 Anton A. Popov , Vladimir Strokov , Aleksey A. Surdyaev

Hidden Markov models provide a natural statistical framework for the detection of the copy number variations (CNV) in genomics. In this paper, we consider a Hidden Markov Model involving several correlated hidden processes at the same time.…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Xiaoqiang Wang , Emilie Lebarbier , Julie Aubert , Stéphane Robin

Many electrical grid transients can be described by the propagation of electromechanical (EM) waves that couple oscillations of power flows over transmission lines and the inertia of synchronous generators. These EM waves can take several…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-08-10 Scott Backhaus , Yilu Liu

The problem of fast point-to-point MIMO channel mutual information estimation is addressed, in the situation where the receiver undergoes unknown colored interference, whereas the channel with the transmitter is perfectly known. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-14 Abla Kammoun , Romain Couillet , Jamal Najim , Merouane Debbah

Scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves by many small particles (bodies), embedded in a thin layer, is studied. Physical properties of the particles are described by their boundary impedances. The thin layer of depth of the order $O(a)$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-25 A. G. Ramm

We introduce Inner Ensemble Networks (IENs) which reduce the variance within the neural network itself without an increase in the model complexity. IENs utilize ensemble parameters during the training phase to reduce the network variance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Abduallah Mohamed , Muhammed Mohaimin Sadiq , Ehab AlBadawy , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Christian Claudel

We consider identification and estimation with an outcome missing not at random (MNAR). We study an identification strategy based on a so-called shadow variable. A shadow variable is assumed to be correlated with the outcome, but…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-10 Wang Miao , Lan Liu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen , Zhi Geng

In this study, the product of two independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) random variables (RVs) for \k{appa}-{\mu} fading distribution and {\alpha}-{\mu} fading distribution is considered. The method of the product model of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-01 He Huang

In this paper, novel closed-form expressions for the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of $\kappa-\mu$ shadowed fading channels are derived. The new equations provide the capability of modeling the correlation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Simon L. Cotton

The time-harmonic Maxwell equations with impedance boundary condition and large wave number are discretized using the second-type N\'{e}d\'{e}lec's edge element method (EEM). Preasymptotic error bounds are derived, showing that, under the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Shuaishuai Lu , Haijun Wu

Approximate outage probability expressions are derived for systems employing maximum ratio combining, when both the desired signal and the interfering signals are subjected to $\eta-\mu$ fading, with the interferers having unequal power.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Muralikrishnan Srinivasan , Sheetal Kalyani

We present Submatrix-wise Vector Embedding Learner (Swivel), a method for generating low-dimensional feature embeddings from a feature co-occurrence matrix. Swivel performs approximate factorization of the point-wise mutual information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Noam Shazeer , Ryan Doherty , Colin Evans , Chris Waterson

We consider the problem of inferring the input and hidden variables of a stochastic multi-layer neural network from an observation of the output. The hidden variables in each layer are represented as matrices. This problem applies to signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Parthe Pandit , Mojtaba Sahraee-Ardakan , Sundeep Rangan , Philip Schniter , Alyson K. Fletcher

In this paper, we analyze the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of wireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor node with a single transmitter antenna and multiple receiver antennas is considered here. We consider M (M greater or equal ro 1)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-10 Haider Mehdi , Safeeullah Soomro , W. R. Khan , Abdul Ghafoor Memon , Abdul Hafeez

In this paper we study covariance estimation with missing data. We consider missing data mechanisms that can be independent of the data, or have a time varying dependency. Additionally, observed variables may have arbitrary (non uniform)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega

Traditional transformer-based semantic segmentation relies on quantized embeddings. However, our analysis reveals that autoencoder accuracy on segmentation mask using quantized embeddings (e.g. VQ-VAE) is 8% lower than continuous-valued…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Masud Ahmed , Zahid Hasan , Syed Arefinul Haque , Abu Zaher Md Faridee , Sanjay Purushotham , Suya You , Nirmalya Roy

Upper bounds on the capacity of vector Gaussian channels affected by fading are derived under peak amplitude constraints at the input. The focus is on constraint regions that can be decomposed in a Cartesian product of sub-regions. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Antonino Favano , Marco Ferrari , Maurizio Magarini , Luca Barletta

A non-parametric complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (NPCEEMD) is proposed for identifying bearing defects using weak features. NPCEEMD is non-parametric because, unlike existing decomposition methods such as ensemble…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Anil Kumar , Yaakoub Berrouche , Radosław Zimroz , Govind Vashishtha , Sumika Chauhan , C. P. Gandhi , Hesheng Tang , Jiawei Xiang