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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) enhanced with Machine Learning (ML) have demonstrated the capacity to efficiently build a prototype of "normal" cyber behaviors in order to detect cyber threats' activity with greater accuracy than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Vance Wong , John Emanuello

Machine learning based network intrusion detection systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that degrade classification performance under both gradient-based and distribution shift threat models. Existing defenses typically apply…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Oluseyi Olukola , Nick Rahimi

Malware remains a big threat to cyber security, calling for machine learning based malware detection. While promising, such detectors are known to be vulnerable to evasion attacks. Ensemble learning typically facilitates countermeasures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li

Adversarial Machine Learning (AML) is a rapidly growing field of security research, with an often overlooked area being model attacks through side-channels. Previous works show such attacks to be serious threats, though little progress has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Stefan Trawicki , William Hackett , Lewis Birch , Neeraj Suri , Peter Garraghan

Embeddings have become a cornerstone in the functionality of large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to transform text data into rich, dense numerical representations that capture semantic and syntactic properties. These embedding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Tiantian Liu , Hongwei Yao , Feng Lin , Tong Wu , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are notoriously vulnerable to adversarial input designs with limited noise budgets. While numerous successful attacks with subtle modifications to original input have been proposed, defense techniques against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Furkan Mumcu , Yasin Yilmaz

Although deep neural networks have shown promising performances on various tasks, even achieving human-level performance on some, they are shown to be susceptible to incorrect predictions even with imperceptibly small perturbations to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Byunggill Joe , Sung Ju Hwang , Insik Shin

Deep learning models are prone to being fooled by imperceptible perturbations known as adversarial attacks. In this work, we study how equipping models with Test-time Transformation Ensembling (TTE) can work as a reliable defense against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Juan C. Pérez , Motasem Alfarra , Guillaume Jeanneret , Laura Rueda , Ali Thabet , Bernard Ghanem , Pablo Arbeláez

According to recent studies, the vulnerability of state-of-the-art Neural Networks to adversarial input samples has increased drastically. A neural network is an intermediate path or technique by which a computer learns to perform tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Anirudh Yadav , Ashutosh Upadhyay , S. Sharanya

Adversarial attacks and defenses in machine learning and deep neural network have been gaining significant attention due to the rapidly growing applications of deep learning in the Internet and relevant scenarios. This survey provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yulong Wang , Tong Sun , Shenghong Li , Xin Yuan , Wei Ni , Ekram Hossain , H. Vincent Poor

Data economy relies on data-driven systems and complex machine learning applications are fueled by them. Unfortunately, however, machine learning models are exposed to fraudulent activities and adversarial attacks, which threaten their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Danele Lunghi , Alkis Simitsis , Olivier Caelen , Gianluca Bontempi

The new wave of adversarial attacks that utilize gradient-related vulnerabilities in neural network-based classifiers makes Network Intrusion Detection Systems more open to such threats. Although state-of-the-art adversarial training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hira Nasir , Eiman Javed , Balawal Shabir , Zunera Jalil , Ahmad Mohsin

Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can be used to classify encrypted Internet traffic. Classification of encrypted traffic can become more challenging in the presence of adversarial attacks that target the learning algorithms. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ramy Maarouf , Danish Sattar , Ashraf Matrawy

While great progress has been made at making neural networks effective across a wide range of visual tasks, most models are surprisingly vulnerable. This frailness takes the form of small, carefully chosen perturbations of their input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen

The problem of adversarial examples, evasion attacks on machine learning classifiers, has proven extremely difficult to solve. This is true even when, as is the case in many practical settings, the classifier is hosted as a remote service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Steven Chen , Nicholas Carlini , David Wagner

This study investigates behavior-targeted attacks on reinforcement learning and their countermeasures. Behavior-targeted attacks aim to manipulate the victim's behavior as desired by the adversary through adversarial interventions in state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shojiro Yamabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

Deep Learning algorithms have achieved the state-of-the-art performance for Image Classification and have been used even in security-critical applications, such as biometric recognition systems and self-driving cars. However, recent works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Gabriel Resende Machado , Eugênio Silva , Ronaldo Ribeiro Goldschmidt

Adversarial examples contain carefully crafted perturbations that can fool deep neural networks (DNNs) into making wrong predictions. Enhancing the adversarial robustness of DNNs has gained considerable interest in recent years. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Shao-Yuan Lo , Vishal M. Patel

Machine learning algorithms are effective in several applications, but they are not as much successful when applied to intrusion detection in cyber security. Due to the high sensitivity to their training data, cyber detectors based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Andreolini , Michele Colajanni , Mirco Marchetti

Malware detectors based on deep learning (DL) have been shown to be susceptible to malware examples that have been deliberately manipulated in order to evade detection, a.k.a. adversarial malware examples. More specifically, it has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Daniel Gibert , Giulio Zizzo , Quan Le