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In the management of most chronic conditions characterized by the lack of universally effective treatments, adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) have been growing in popularity as they offer a more individualized approach, and sequential…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-03 Armando Turchetta , Erica E. M. Moodie , David A. Stephens , Sylvie D. Lambert

We consider a population of Bayesian agents who share a common prior over some finite state space and each agent is exposed to some information about the state. We ask which distributions over empirical distributions of posteriors beliefs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Itai Arieli , Yakov Babichenko

In this paper, a Bayesian approach is developed for simultaneously comparing multiple experimental treatments with a common control treatment in an exploratory clinical trial. The sample size is set to ensure that, at the end of the study,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-14 John Whitehead , Faye Cleary , Amanda Turner

The two key issues of modern Bayesian statistics are: (i) establishing principled approach for distilling statistical prior that is consistent with the given data from an initial believable scientific prior; and (ii) development of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-18 Subhadeep , Mukhopadhyay , Douglas Fletcher

We review common situations in Bayesian latent variable models where the prior distribution that a researcher specifies differs from the prior distribution used during estimation. These situations can arise from the positive definite…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-19 Edgar C. Merkle , Oludare Ariyo , Sonja D. Winter , Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal

In Bayesian analysis, the selection of a prior distribution is typically done by considering each parameter in the model. While this can be convenient, in many scenarios it may be desirable to place a prior on a summary measure of the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-17 Eric Yanchenko , Howard D. Bondell , Brian J. Reich

Optimization is widely used in statistics, and often efficiently delivers point estimates on useful spaces involving structural constraints or combinatorial structure. To quantify uncertainty, Gibbs posterior exponentiates the negative loss…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-23 Cheng Zeng , Eleni Dilma , Jason Xu , Leo L Duan

This study examines the application of Bayesian approach in the context of clinical trials, emphasizing their increasing importance in contemporary biomedical research. While conventional frequentist approach provides a foundational basis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Paramahansa Pramanik , Arnab Kumar Maity , Anjan Mandal , Haley Kate Robinson

Parameter estimates for associated genetic variants, report ed in the initial discovery samples, are often grossly inflated compared to the values observed in the follow-up replication samples. This type of bias is a consequence of the…

Applications · Statistics 2011-04-15 Lizhen Xu , Radu V. Craiu , Lei Sun

Determining the sample size of an experiment can be challenging, even more so when incorporating external information via a prior distribution. Such information is increasingly used to reduce the size of the control group in randomized…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-10 Beat Neuenschwander , Sebastian Weber , Heinz Schmidli , Anthony O'Hagan

The multivariate normal linear model is one of the most widely employed models for statistical inference in applied research. Special cases include (multivariate) t testing, (M)AN(C)OVA, (multivariate) multiple regression, and repeated…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-15 J. Mulder , H. Hoijtink , X. Gu

In this paper we introduce objective proper prior distributions for hypothesis testing and model selection based on measures of divergence between the competing models; we call them divergence based (DB) priors. DB priors have simple forms…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-02-27 M. J. Bayarri , G. García-Donato

The two statistical methods, namely the frequentist and the Bayesian methods, are both commonly used for probabilistic inference in many scientific situations. However, it is not straightforward to interpret the result of one approach in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-09-01 Alan H. Guth , Mohammad Hossein Namjoo

Analogues of the frequentist chi-square and F tests are proposed for testing goodness-of-fit and consistency for Bayesian models. Simple examples exhibit these tests' detection of inconsistency between consecutive experiments with identical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 L. B. Lucy

In practical situations, most experimental designs often yield unbalanced data which have different numbers of observations per unit because of cost constraints, or missing data, etc. In this paper, we consider the Bayesian approach to…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-05-22 Min Wang , Xiaoqian Sun

DeGroot (1962) developed a general framework for constructing Bayesian measures of the expected information that an experiment will provide for estimation. We propose an analogous framework for measures of information for hypothesis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-18 David E. Jones , Xiao-Li Meng

In Bayesian statistics, the choice of prior distribution is often debatable, especially if prior knowledge is limited or data are scarce. In imprecise probability, sets of priors are used to accurately model and reflect prior knowledge.…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-25 Gero Walter , Frank P. A. Coolen

Several bivariate beta distributions have been proposed in the literature. In particular, Olkin and Liu (2003) proposed a 3 parameter bivariate beta model, which Arnold and Ng (2011) extend to 5 and 8 parameter models. The 3 parameter model…

Computation · Statistics 2015-08-21 Roberto C. Crackel , James M. Flegal

The problem of testing mutually exclusive hypotheses with dependent test statistics is considered. Bayesian and frequentist approaches to multiplicity control are studied and compared to help gain understanding as to the effect of test…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Sean Chang , James O. Berger

Objective Bayesian inference procedures are derived for the parameters of the multivariate random effects model generalized to elliptically contoured distributions. The posterior for the overall mean vector and the between-study covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-07 Olha Bodnar , Taras Bodnar