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Aims. It is quintessential for the analysis of the observed dust polarization signal to understand the rotational dynamics of interstellar dust grains. Additionally, high rotation velocities may rotationally disrupt the grains, which…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-23 Jonathan A. Jäger , Stefan Reissl , Ralf S. Klessen

Interstellar dust grains are non-spherical and, in some environments, partially aligned along the direction of the interstellar magnetic field. Numerous alignment theories have been proposed, all of which examine the grain rotational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-15 Joseph C. Weingartner , Erald Kolasi , Cameron Woods

The alignment of interstellar dust grains with magnetic fields provides a key method for measuring the strength and morphology of the fields. In turn, this provides a means to study the role of magnetic fields from diffuse gas to dense…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-09 John E. Vaillancourt , B-G Andersson

We develop a comprehensive quantitative description of the cross-section mechanism discovered several years ago by Lazarian. This is one of the processes that determine grain orientation in clouds of suprathermal cosmic dust. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Michael Efroimsky

Dust grains are important in various astrophysical processes and serve as indicators of interstellar medium structures, density, and mass. Understanding their physical properties and chemical composition is crucial in astrophysics. Dust…

Interstellar dust grains exhibit complex dynamics which is essential for understanding many key interstellar processes that involve dust, including grain alignment, grain growth, grain shattering etc. Grain rotational and translational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lazarian , Huirong Yan

Dust polarization induced by aligned non-spherical grains acts as an important tool to trace the magnetic field (B-field) morphologies and strengths in molecular clouds and constrain grain properties and their alignment mechanisms. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-03 Saikhom Pravash , Thiem Hoang , Archana Soam , Qi-Lao Gu , Tie Liu , Pham Ngoc Diep , Le Ngoc Tram , Nguyen Bich Ngoc

During the evolution of protoplanetary disks, dust grains start to grow, form larger particles, settle to the midplane, and rearrange the disk, mainly by the inward radial drift. Because of this, dust pebbles with an irregular shape usually…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Moritz Lietzow-Sinjen , Stefan Reissl , Mario Flock , Sebastian Wolf

Magnetic fields play a crucial role in various astrophysical processes, including star formation, accretion of matter, transport processes (e.g., transport of heat), and cosmic rays. One of the easiest ways to determine the magnetic field…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Lazarian

Polarization carries information about the magnetic fields in interstellar clouds. The observations of polarized dust emission are used to study the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of molecular clouds and the initial phases of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 V. -M. Pelkonen , M. Juvela , P. Padoan

Interstellar medium is turbulent and this induces relative motions of dust grains. We calculate relative velocities of charged grains in a partially ionized magnetized gas. We account for anisotropy of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Lazarian , Huirong Yan

Thermal dust polarization is a powerful tool to probe magnetic fields ($\textbf{B}$) and grain properties. However, a systematic study of the dependence of dust polarization on grain properties in protostellar environments is not yet…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-03-14 Nguyen Chau Giang , Thiem Hoang

The polarized dust emission observed in Class 0 protostellar cores at high angular resolution with ALMA has raised several concerns about the grain alignment conditions in these regions. We aim to study the role of the radiation field on…

Many debris disks seen in scattered light have shapes that imply their dust grains trace highly eccentric, apsidally aligned orbits. Apsidal alignment is surprising, especially for dust. Even when born from an apse-aligned ring of parent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-02 Jonathan W. Lin , Eugene Chiang

Polarized emission from interstellar dust grains is commonly used to infer information about the underlying magnetic field from the diffuse interstellar medium to molecular cloud cores. Therefore, the ability to accurately determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 Marco Leon Scheiter , Sebastian Wolf

It is shown that mechanical alignment of grains can be efficient for grains rotating suprathermally, i.e. with kinetic energy substantially exceeding $k$ (the Boltzmann constant) over any temperature in the system. The paper studies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Lazarian

The polarization of starlight and thermal dust emission from aligned non-spherical grains provides a powerful tool for tracing magnetic field morphologies and strengths in diffuse interstellar medium to star-forming regions, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-11 Saikhom Pravash , Thiem Hoang , Archana Soam , Eun Jung Chung , Pham Ngoc Diep , Nguyen Bich Ngoc , Le Ngoc Tram

Polarization of starlight and thermal dust emission due to aligned non-spherical grains helps us to trace magnetic field (B-field) morphology in molecular clouds and to study grain alignment mechanisms. In this work, we study grain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-22 Saikhom Pravash , Archana Soam , Pham Ngoc Diep , Thiem Hoang , Nguyen Bich Ngoc , Le Ngoc Tram

Motivated by a recent study by Lazarian and Draine, which showed that a high degree of grain alignment of the paramagnetic dust is achievable if the rates of internal relaxation are controlled by the Barnett relaxation process, we undertake…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Lazarian , M. Efroimsky

Polarized microwave emission from dust is an important foreground that may contaminate polarized CMB studies unless carefully accounted for. Modeling of polarization from dust requires a quantitative understanding of grain alignment. I…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-07 A. Lazarian