Related papers: Color Confinement and Spatial Dimensions in the Co…
The paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the torques and forces and so forth in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, investigating the influences of material media on the equilibrium and continuity equations. The…
The equations describing a two-component cosmological fluid with linearized density perturbations are investigated in the small wavelength or large $k$ limit. The equations are formulated to include a baryonic component, as well as either a…
Partial differential equations (PDEs) are central to computational electromagnetics (CEM) and photonic design, but classical solvers face high costs for large or complex structures. Quantum Hamiltonian simulation provides a framework to…
Color confinement by the mechanism of Kugo and Ojima can treat confinement of any quantized color carrying fields including dynamical quarks. However, the non-perturbative condition for this confinement has been known to be satisfied only…
We investigate the relationship between colour confinement and the gauge independent Cho-Duan-Ge Abelian decomposition. The decomposition is defined in terms of a colour field $n$; the principle novelty of our study is that we have defined…
We survey recent work on the properties and decays of mesons as bound states of confined quarks at both zero and finite temperature. The framework for these investigations is the set of QCD Dyson--Schwinger equations truncated to…
By using complex quaternion, which is the system of quaternion representation extended to complex numbers, we show that the laws of electromagnetism can be expressed much more simply and concisely. We also derive the quaternion…
The dynamics of {\it light} fermions propagating in a spatial direction at high temperatures can be described effectively by a two--dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with {\it heavy} effective mass $m_{\rm eff} = \pi T$. Starting from QED,…
Precise algorithms capable of providing controlled solutions in the presence of strong interactions are transforming the landscape of quantum many-body physics. Particularly exciting breakthroughs are enabling the computation of non-zero…
We discuss the construction of Maxwellian electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions and some of its applications. Special emphasis is given to the problem of the retarded potentials and radiation, where substantial differences with respect to the…
Quaternions are an important tool to describe the orientation of a molecule. This paper considers the use of quaternions in matching two conformations of a molecule, in interpolating rotations, in performing statistics on orientational…
Confinement is a ubiquitous mechanism in nature, whereby particles feel an attractive force that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is color confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are…
Quantum operators of coordinates and momentum components of a particle in the Minkowski spacetime can belong to the generalized Snyder-Yang algebra and produce a quantum phase space with three new constants in the general case. With account…
This paper establishes a rigorous, quantitative link between the combinatorial complexity of a fractal partition and the intrinsic geometry of its interfaces. We introduce the concept of the \emph{Separation Dimension} ($\sepdim$), a novel…
In this article, we introduce and study the concept of $\textit{spherical-vectors}$, which can be perceived as a natural extension of the arguments of complex numbers in the context of quaternions. We initially establish foundational…
A quantization scheme for the phenomenological Maxwell theory of the full electromagnetic field in an inhomogeneous three-dimensional, dispersive and absorbing dielectric medium is developed. The classical Maxwell equations with spatially…
A quasimodal expansion method (QMEM) is developed to model and understand the scattering properties of arbitrary shaped two-dimensional (2-D) open structures. In contrast with the bounded case which have only discrete spectrum (real in the…
This work presents a new phenomenological description of QCD vacuum where the color background field is depicted by a constant parallel vector with amplitude proportional to $\sigma\sim 0.28 GeV^2$. The familiar Regge relation can be…
Color confinement is one of the central issues in QCD so that there are various interpretations of this feature. In this paper we have adopted the interpretation that colored particles are not subject to observation just because colored…
The problem of calculating of the mass spectrum of the two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation is studied with no reduction to the three-dimensional ("quasipotential") equation. The method to find the ground state and excited states for a channel…