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We review the basic aspects of the perturbative QCD based on the operator product expansion to analyze the nucleon structure functions in a pedagogical way. We explain the non-trivial relation between the QCD results and the parton model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-01 J. Kodaira

We calculate the perturbative corrections in the strong coupling to the unpolarized quark transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF) operator within a background-field framework, extending the approach of Ref. [1].…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Swagato Mukherjee , Vladimir V. Skokov , Andrey Tarasov , Shaswat Tiwari

We investigate solutions to a nonlinear integral equation which has a central role in implementing the non-Abelian Gauss's Law and in constructing gauge-invariant quark and gluon fields. Here we concern ourselves with solutions to this same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Kurt Haller , Lusheng Chen , Y. S. Choi

Application of the background-field method to QCD and the electroweak Standard Model yields gauge-invariant effective actions giving rise to simple Ward identities. Within this method, we calculate the quantities that have been treated in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Denner , S. Dittmaier , G. Weiglein

Based on the flavor structure of four-quark effective operators, we develop an automatic computation program to calculate hadronic two-body $B$ meson decay amplitudes, and apply it to their global analysis in the perturbative QCD (PQCD)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-04 Jun Hua , Hsiang-nan Li , Cai-Dian Lu , Wei Wang , Zhi-Peng Xing

We describe results for the pion distribution amplitude (PDA) at the non-perturbative scale $\mu=~$2GeV by projecting the Poincar\'e-covariant Bethe-Salpeter wave-function onto the light-front and use it to investigate the ultraviolet…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-07-03 Peter C Tandy

By expanding functions of parton fragmentation into a heavy hadron in the inverse of the heavy quark mass $m_Q$ we attempt to factorize them into perturbative- and nonperturbative parts. In our approach the nonperturbative parts can be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-25 J. P. Ma

Nonperturbative self-energy of a bound quark is computed gauge-invariantly in the framework of background perturbation theory. The resulting Delta m^2_q is negative and is a universal function of string tension and current quark mass. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Yu. A. Simonov

I discuss some non-perturbative aspects of hot gauge theories as related to the unscreened static magnetic interactions. I first review some of the infrared divergences which cause the breakdown of the perturbation theory. Then I show that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Edmond Iancu

We analytically compute the five-loop term in the beta function which governs the running of $\alpha_s$ --- the quark-gluon coupling constant in QCD. The new term leads to a reduction of the theory uncertainty in $\alpha_s$ taken at the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-01 P. A. Baikov , K. G. Chetyrkin , J. H. Kühn

A particular initial state for the construction of a perturbative QCD expansion is investigated. It is formed as a coherent superposition of zero momentum gluon pairs and shows Lorentz as well as global $SU(3)$ symmetries. The general form…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcos Rigol

QCD is the theory of strong interactions and non-perturbative methods have been developed to address the confinement property of QCD. Many experimental measurements probe the confining dynamics, and it is well-known that hard scattering…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-02 B. Pire , L. Szymanowski

We uncover a method of calculation that proceeds at every step without fixing the gauge or specifying details of the regularisation scheme. Results are obtained by iterated use of integration by parts and gauge invariance identities.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Stefano Arnone , Tim R. Morris , Oliver J. Rosten

General aspects of non-perturbative field theory are discussed.The definition of condensates is analysed.Mechanisms of color confinement are rewieved.

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 Adriano Di Giacomo

Perturbative quantum gravity starts from prescribing a background metric. That background metric is then used in order to carry out two separate steps: 1. One splits the non-perturbative metric into background and deviation from it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-03 Thomas Thiemann

In this paper we calculate the divergent part of the one loop effective action for QED on noncommutative space using the background field method. The effective action is obtained up to the second order in the noncommutative parameter theta…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Maja Buric , Voja Radovanovic

The dynamics of the gauge sector of QCD give rise to nonperturbative phenomena that are crucial for the internal consistency of the theory; most notably, they account for the generation of a gluon mass through the action of the Schwinger…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-11 M. N. Ferreira , J. Papavassiliou

The analytization procedure which allows one to remove nonphysical singularities of the QCD running coupling constant $\bar\alpha_s(q^2)$ in the infrared region is applied to standard as well as to iterative solutions of the two-loop…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Aleksey I. Alekseev

While the $\theta$ dependence of field theories is $2\pi$ periodic, the ground-state wavefunctions at $\theta$ and $\theta+2\pi$ often belong to different classes of symmetry-protected topological states. When this is the case, a continuous…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-11 Mendel Nguyen , Yuya Tanizaki , Mithat Ünsal

We quantize non-commutative Maxwell theory canonically in the background field gauge for weak and slowly varying background fields. We determine the complete basis for expansion under such an approximation. As an application, we derive the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Ashok Das , J. Frenkel , S. H. Pereira , J. C. Taylor