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The security of future large-scale IoT networks is critically threatened by the ``Harvest Now, Decrypt Later'' (HNDL) attack paradigm. Securing the massive, long-lived data streams from these systems requires protocols that are both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Nilesh Vyas , Konstantin Baier

A two-layer quantum protocol for secure transmission of data using qubits is presented. The protocol is an improvement over the BB84 QKD protocol. BB84, in conjunction with the one-time pad algorithm, has been shown to be unconditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-03 Saied Hosseini-Khayat , Iman Marvian

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a technique for quantum-secured communication that eliminates all detector side-channels, although is currently limited by implementation complexity and low secure key…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) leverages nonlocal correlations to establish cryptographic keys between two honest parties while making minimal assumptions about the underlying systems. The security of DI-QKD is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Pritam Roy , Souradeep Sasmal , Subhankar Bera , Shashank Gupta , Arup Roy , A. S. Majumdar

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) with weak coherent sources has been widely and meticulously analyzed. However, the analysis for MDI-QKD with spontaneous parametric-down-conversion sources (SPDCS) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-10 Chun Zhou , Wan-Su Bao , Wei Chen , Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Yang Wang , Zheng-Fu Han

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

Quantum secure direct communication provides a direct means of conveying secret information via quantum states among legitimate users. The past two decades have witnessed its great strides both theoretically and experimentally. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Zhangdong Ye , Dong Pan , Zhen Sun , Chunguang Du , Liuguo Yin , Guilu Long

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is one of the basic communication primitives in future quantum networks which addresses part of the basic cryptographic tasks of multiparty communication and computation. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Ao Shen , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yang Wang , Yao Fu , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Xun Weng , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Jie Xu , Almut Beige

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) enables two remote parties to share an information-theoretically secure key without any assumptions on the inner workings of the devices used. Device-independent conference key agreement…

Discrete-Modulated (DM) Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) protocols are promising candidates for commercial implementations of quantum communication networks due to their experimental simplicity. While tight security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Florian Kanitschar , Ian George , Jie Lin , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the transmission of information that is secure against general attacks by eavesdroppers. The use of on-demand quantum light sources in QKD protocols is expected to help improve security and maximum…

Two protocols of quantum direct communication with authentication [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 73}, 042305 (2006)] are recently proposed by Lee, Lim and Yang. In this paper we will show that in the two protocols the authenticator Trent should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Zhan-jun Zhang

Device-independent quantum information is attracting significant attention, particularly for its applications in information security. This interest arises because the security of device-independent protocols relies solely on the observed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Matteo Padovan , Alessandro Rezzi , Lorenzo Coccia

We propose two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on Bell's inequality, which can be considered as modified time-reversed E91 protocol. Similar to the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-29 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yuan Li , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum secure data transfer is an important topic for quantum cyber security. We propose a scheme to realize quantum secure data transfer in the basis of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). In this proposal, the transmitted data is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Rui-Xia Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Secure communication has achieved a new dimension with the advent of the schemes of quantum key distribution (QKD) as in contrast to classical cryptography, quantum cryptography can provide unconditional security. However, a successful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on only a two-dimensional Hilbert space encoding a quantum system and independent devices between the equipment for state preparation and measurement. Our protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretically secure communication, and is already on the verge of commercialization. Thus far, different QKD protocols have been proposed theoretically and implemented experimentally [1,…

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