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I review recent measurements of a large set of flow observables associated with event-shape fluctuations and collective expansion in heavy ion collisions. First, these flow observables are classified and experiment methods are introduced.…
In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…
Impact phenomena of small clusters subject to thermal fluctuations are numerically investigated. From the molecular dynamics simulation for colliding two identical clusters, it is found that the restitution coefficient for head-on…
We discuss an event-by-event fluctuation analysis of particle production in heavy ion collisions. We compare different approaches to the evaluation of the event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in quantities defined on groups of particles,…
These proceedings consist of a brief overview of the current understanding of collective behavior in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In particular, recent progress in understanding the implications of event-by-event fluctuations have…
The small collision systems like p+p and p+A collisions have shown new features like A+A collisions in the relativistic regime. These new aspects in small systems which have altered our research and understanding on the two-particle…
A great deal of recent data on event-by-event fluctuation and correlation measurements has been released by several experiments at the SPS and RHIC. Recent results on charge fluctuations, balance functions in pseudorapidity, and average…
Event-by-event fluctuations and correlations between particles produced in relativistic nuclear collisions are studied. The fluctuations in positive, negative, total and net charge are closely related through correlations. In the event of a…
Initial geometrical distribution and fluctuation can affect the collective expansion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This effect may be more evident in small system (such as B + B) than in large one (Pb + Pb). This work presents the…
Fluctuation and correlation observables are often measured using multi-particle correlation methods and therefore mutually probe the origins of genuine correlations present in multi-particle distribution functions. We investigate the common…
We analyze here in details the probability to find a given number of particles in a finite volume inside a normal or superfluid finite system. This probability, also known as counting statistics, is obtained using projection operator…
A comparison is made between results obtained using smooth initial conditions and event-by-event initial conditions in the hydrodynamical description of relativistic nuclear collisions. Some new results on directed flow are also included.
Superfluidity and superconductivity are genuine many-body manifestations of quantum coherence. For finite-size systems the associated pairing gap fluctuates as a function of size or shape. We provide a parameter free theoretical description…
Gauge effects on the fluctuation properties of the normal-to-superconducting phase transition in bulk and thin film superconductors are reviewed. Similar problems in the description of other natural systems (liquid crystals, quantum field…
Correlations and fluctuations (the latter are directly related to the 2-particle correlations) is one of the important directions in analysis of heavy ion collisions. At the current stage of RHIC exploration, when the details matter,…
The interaction of bodies in a fluid, mediated by hydrodynamic fluctuations and proposed by Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii, is calculated exactly for parallel infinite planes and is shown to be attractive. The second mechanism of…
The collective flow generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions fluctuates from event to event. The fluctuations lead to a decorrelation of flow vectors measured in separate bins in phase space. These effects have been measured in…
Classic and recent results for gauge effects on the properties of the normal-to-superconducting phase transition in bulk and thin film superconductors are reviewed. Similar problems in the description of other natural systems (liquid…
We present a complete set of multiparticle correlation observables for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. These include moments of the distribution of the anisotropic flow in a single harmonic, and also mixed moments, which contain the…
Overview of event-by-event studies on relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given. I focus on fluctuation measurements and on theoretical ideas which appeared experimentally fruitful.