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This paper looks at philosophical questions that arise in the context of AI alignment. It defends three propositions. First, normative and technical aspects of the AI alignment problem are interrelated, creating space for productive…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Iason Gabriel

Discussion of AI alignment (alignment between humans and AI systems) has focused on value alignment, broadly referring to creating AI systems that share human values. We argue that before we can even attempt to align values, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Sunayana Rane , Polyphony J. Bruna , Ilia Sucholutsky , Christopher Kello , Thomas L. Griffiths

This article is a primer on concept extrapolation - the ability to take a concept, a feature, or a goal that is defined in one context and extrapolate it safely to a more general context. Concept extrapolation aims to solve model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Matija Franklin , Rebecca Gorman , Hal Ashton , Stuart Armstrong

AI alignment is a field of research that aims to develop methods to ensure that agents always behave in a manner aligned with (i.e. consistently with) the goals and values of their human operators, no matter their level of capability. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Eli Sennesh , Maxwell Ramstead

This paper introduces the concept of hyperpolation: a way of generalising from a limited set of data points that is a peer to the more familiar concepts of interpolation and extrapolation. Hyperpolation is the task of estimating the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Toby Ord

Background: Value alignment in computer science research is often used to refer to the process of aligning artificial intelligence with humans, but the way the phrase is used often lacks precision. Objectives: In this paper, we conduct a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jack McKinlay , Marina De Vos , Janina A. Hoffmann , Andreas Theodorou

principles that should govern autonomous AI systems. It essentially states that a system's goals and behaviour should be aligned with human values. But how to ensure value alignment? In this paper we first provide a formal model to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Carles Sierra , Nardine Osman , Pablo Noriega , Jordi Sabater-Mir , Antoni Perelló

The concepts of ``human-centered AI'' and ``value-based decision'' have gained significant attention in both research and industry. However, many critical aspects remain underexplored and require further investigation. In particular, there…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sz-Ting Tzeng , Frank Dignum

AI alignment aims to make AI systems behave in line with human intentions and values. As AI systems grow more capable, so do risks from misalignment. To provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the alignment field, in this survey,…

This paper addresses the question of how to align AI systems with human values and situates it within a wider body of thought regarding technology and value. Far from existing in a vacuum, there has long been an interest in the ability of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Iason Gabriel , Vafa Ghazavi

I consider motivation and value-alignment in AI systems from the perspective of (constrained) entropy maximization. Though the structures encoding knowledge in any physical system can be understood as energetic constraints, only living…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-29 Alex B. Kiefer

Characterizing human values is a topic deeply interwoven with the sciences, humanities, art, and many other human endeavors. In recent years, a number of thinkers have argued that accelerating trends in computer science, cognitive science,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Gopal P. Sarma , Nick J. Hay

We propose the creation of a systematic effort to identify and replicate key findings in neuropsychology and allied fields related to understanding human values. Our aim is to ensure that research underpinning the value alignment problem of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Gopal P. Sarma , Nick J. Hay , Adam Safron

This paper examines the challenges associated with achieving life-long superalignment in AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs). Superalignment is a theoretical framework that aspires to ensure that superintelligent AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Gokul Puthumanaillam , Manav Vora , Pranay Thangeda , Melkior Ornik

AI Safety researchers attempting to align values of highly capable intelligent systems with those of humanity face a number of challenges including personal value extraction, multi-agent value merger and finally in-silico encoding.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Roman V. Yampolskiy

As artificial intelligence scales, the concepts of alignment, agency, and autonomy have become central to AI safety, governance, and control. However, even in human contexts, these terms lack universal definitions, varying across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

AI alignment considers how we can encode AI systems in a way that is compatible with human values. The normative side of this problem asks what moral values or principles, if any, we should encode in AI. To this end, we present a framework…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Betty Li Hou , Brian Patrick Green

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) advances toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and eventually Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), it may potentially surpass human control, deviate from human values, and even lead to irreversible…

Beneficial societal outcomes cannot be guaranteed by aligning individual AI systems with the intentions of their operators or users. Even an AI system that is perfectly aligned to the intentions of its operating organization can lead to bad…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an exceptionally powerful tool for analyzing scientific data. In particular, attention-based architectures have demonstrated a remarkable capability to capture complex correlations and to furnish…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-03 Changkai Zhang , Jan von Delft
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