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Reward models (RMs) are crucial for the training and inference-time scaling up of large language models (LLMs). However, existing reward models primarily focus on human preferences, neglecting verifiable correctness signals which have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hao Peng , Yunjia Qi , Xiaozhi Wang , Zijun Yao , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

We initiate the study of incentive-compatible forecasting competitions in which multiple forecasters make predictions about one or more events and compete for a single prize. We have two objectives: (1) to incentivize forecasters to report…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Jens Witkowski , Rupert Freeman , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , David M. Pennock , Andreas Krause

When a human receives a prediction or recommended course of action from an intelligent agent, what additional information, beyond the prediction or recommendation itself, does the human require from the agent to decide whether to trust or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-09 George J. Cancro , Shimei Pan , James Foulds

In the strategic facility location problem, a set of agents report their locations in a metric space and the goal is to use these reports to open a new facility, minimizing an aggregate distance measure from the agents to the facility.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Eric Balkanski , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Golnoosh Shahkarami

We consider how an agent should update her beliefs when her beliefs are represented by a set P of probability distributions, given that the agent makes decisions using the minimax criterion, perhaps the best-studied and most commonly-used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Peter D Grunwald , Joseph Y Halpern

Sequential allocation is a simple and widely studied mechanism to allocate indivisible items in turns to agents according to a pre-specified picking sequence of agents. At each turn, the current agent in the picking sequence picks its most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Mingyu Xiao , Jiaxing Ling

When predicting future events, it is common to issue forecasts that are probabilistic, in the form of probability distributions over the range of possible outcomes. Such forecasts can be evaluated using proper scoring rules. Proper scoring…

Computation · Statistics 2023-05-15 Sam Allen

Prior-weighted logistic regression has become a standard tool for calibration in speaker recognition. Logistic regression is the optimization of the expected value of the logarithmic scoring rule. We generalize this via a parametric family…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-31 Niko Brümmer , George Doddington

In the classic scoring rule setting, a principal incentivizes an agent to truthfully report their probabilistic belief about some future outcome. This paper addresses the situation when this private belief, rather than a classical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Rafael Frongillo

In repeated-game applications where both the collusive and non-collusive outcomes can be supported as equilibria, researchers must resolve underlying selection questions if theory will be used to understand counterfactual policies. One…

General Economics · Economics 2021-01-18 Emanuel Vespa , Taylor Weidman , Alistair J. Wilson

We consider a repeated game where a player self-reports her usage of a service and is charged a payment accordingly by a center. The center observes a partial signal, representing part of the player's true consumption, which is generated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Yutong Wu , Ali Khodabakhsh , Bo Li , Evdokia Nikolova , Emmanouil Pountourakis

From marketing to politics, exploitation of incomplete information through selective communication of arguments is ubiquitous. In this work, we focus on development of an argumentation-theoretic model for manipulable multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Ryuta Arisaka , Makoto Hagiwara , Takayuki Ito

We consider the problem of whether a given decision model, working with structured data, has individual fairness. Following the work of Dwork, a model is individually biased (or unfair) if there is a pair of valid inputs which are close to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Philips George John , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Diptikalyan Saha

The act of bluffing confounds game designers to this day. The very nature of bluffing is even open for debate, adding further complication to the process of creating intelligent virtual players that can bluff, and hence play, realistically.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Evan Hurwitz , Tshilidzi Marwala

We develop an overlapping generations model where each agent observes a verifiable private signal about the state and, with positive probability, also receives signals disclosed by his predecessor. The agent then takes an action and decides…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Nemanja Antic , Harry Pei

When data are right-censored, i.e. some outcomes are missing due to a limited period of observation, survival analysis can compute the "time to event". Multiple classes of outcomes lead to a classification variant: predicting the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julie Alberge , Vincent Maladière , Olivier Grisel , Judith Abécassis , Gaël Varoquaux

We study how partial information about scoring rules affects fairness in strategic learning settings. In strategic learning, a learner deploys a scoring rule, and agents respond strategically by modifying their features -- at some cost --…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Srikanth Avasarala , Serena Wang , Juba Ziani

Logarithmic score and information divergence appear in both information theory, statistics, statistical mechanics, and portfolio theory. We demonstrate that all these topics involve some kind of optimization that leads directly to the use…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Peter Harremoës

Strategic classification studies the problem where self-interested individuals or agents manipulate their response to obtain favorable decision outcomes made by classifiers, typically turning to dishonest actions when they are less costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ziyuan Huang , Lina Alkarmi , Mingyan Liu

Conformal prediction is a statistically rigorous method for quantifying uncertainty in models by having them output sets of predictions, with larger sets indicating more uncertainty. However, prediction sets are not inherently actionable;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jesse C. Cresswell , Bhargava Kumar , Yi Sui , Mouloud Belbahri