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Ultra-short period (USP) planets are an enigmatic subset of exoplanets defined by having orbital periods $<$ 1 day. It is still not understood how USP planets form, or to what degree they differ from planets with longer orbital periods.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 Ana Sofía M. Uzsoy , Leslie A. Rogers , Ellen M. Price

Over a hundred rocky planets orbiting Sun-like stars in very short orbital periods (<1 day) have been discovered by the Kepler mission. These planets, known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, are unlikely to have attained their orbits in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-24 Cristobal Petrovich , Emily Deibert , Yanqin Wu

Recent surveys have uncovered an exciting new population of ultra-short-period (USP) planets with orbital periods less than a day. These planets typically have radii <1.5 Earth radii, indicating that they likely have rocky compositions.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-13 Eric D. Lopez

Ultra-short-period (USP) planets, defined as those with orbital periods shorter than 1 day, provide valuable insights into planetary evolution under strong stellar tidal interactions. In this work, we investigate the formation of USP…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-30 Jia Jun Zhu , Su Wang , Jianghui Ji , Yao Dong

It has been unambiguously shown in both individual systems and at the population level that hot Jupiters experience tidal inspiral before the end of their host stars' main sequence lifetimes. Ultra-short-period (USP) planets have orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-09 Jacob H. Hamer , Kevin C. Schlaufman

Ultra-short-period (USP) planets, with orbital periods shorter than one day, represent a unique class of exoplanets whose origin remains puzzling. Determining their age distribution and temporal evolution is vital for uncovering their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-30 Pei-Wei Tu , Ji-Wei Xie , Di-Chang Chen , Ji-Lin Zhou

Chemical evidence indicates that an appreciable fraction of Sun-like stars have engulfed rocky planets during their main-sequence lifetimes. We investigate whether the tidal evolution and destruction of ultra-short-period planets (USPs) can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-17 Christopher E. O'Connor , Dong Lai

We present the results of a survey aimed at discovering and studying transiting planets with orbital periods shorter than one day (ultra--short-period, or USP, planets), using data from the {\em Kepler} spacecraft. We computed Fourier…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda , Saul Rappaport , Joshua N. Winn , Michael C. Kotson , Alan M. Levine , Ileyk El Mellah

Recent studies suggest that ultra-short period planets (USPs), Earth-sized planets with sub-day periods, constitute a statistically distinct sub-sample of {\it Kepler} planets: USPs have smaller radii ($1-1.4R_\oplus$) and larger mutual…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-31 Bonan Pu , Dong Lai

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of exoplanets with periods shorter than one day. The origin of this sub-population of planets is still unclear, with different formation scenarios highly dependent on the composition of the USP…

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are exoplanets which have orbital periods of less than one day and are unique because they orbit inside the nominal magnetic truncation gap of their host stars. In some cases, USP planets have also been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Lucas Brefka , Juliette Becker

The probability that a Sun-like star has a close-orbiting giant planet (period < 1 year) increases with stellar metallicity. Previous work provided evidence that the period distribution of close-orbiting giant planets is also linked to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 Samuel W. Yee , Joshua N. Winn

The current paradigm to explain the presence of Jupiters with small orbital periods (P $<$ 10 days; hot Jupiters) that involves their formation beyond the snow line following inward migration, has been challenged by recent works that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-09 J. Maldonado , E. Villaver , C. Eiroa

Using data from the California-Kepler-Survey (CKS) we study trends in planetary properties with host star metallicity for close-in planets. By incorporating knowledge of the properties of the planetary radius gap identified by the CKS…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 James E. Owen , Ruth Murray-Clay

Terrestrial worlds with $P < 1$ day, known as ultra-short period planets (USPs), comprise a physically distinct population whose origins may be attributed to various possible formation channels within multi-planet systems. However, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Armaan V. Goyal , Songhu Wang

Close-in rocky planets are the most common type of exoplanets around late M dwarfs, ranging from more temperate worlds to highly irradiated lava planets with molten surfaces, and many theoretical studies have attempted to explain their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 S. N. Brandenberger , M. Sanchez , N. Van der Marel , A. A. Vidotto , Y. Miguel

The metallicity of exoplanet systems serves as a critical diagnostic of planet formation mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated the planet-metallicity correlation for large planets ($R_P\ \geq\ 4\ R_E$); however, a correlation has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-04 Ji Wang , Debra A. Fischer

Ultra-short-period (USP) exoplanets have orbital periods shorter than one day. Precise masses and radii of USPs could provide constraints on their unknown formation and evolution processes. We report the detection and characterization of…

Compared to the Earth, the exoplanet Kepler-78b has a similar size (1.2 $R_\oplus$) and an orbital period a thousand times shorter (8.5 hours). It is currently the smallest planet for which the mass, radius, and dayside brightness have all…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-18 Joshua N. Winn , Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda , Saul Rappaport
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