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We discuss some general properties of quantum gravity in De Sitter space. It has been argued that the Hilbert space is of finite dimension. This suggests a macroscopic argument that General Relativity cannot be quantized -- unless it is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Witten

A new functional calculus, developed recently for a fully non-perturbative treatment of quantum gravity, is used to begin a systematic construction of a quantum theory of geometry. Regulated operators corresponding to areas of 2-surfaces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Abhay Ashtekar , Jerzy Lewandowski

The holographic principle and the thermodynamics of de Sitter space suggest that the total number of fundamental degrees of freedom associated with any finite-volume region of space may be finite. The naive picture of a short distance…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Federico Piazza

If quantum gravity respects the principles of quantum mechanics, suitably generalized, it may be that a more viable approach to the theory is through identifying the relevant quantum structures rather than by quantizing classical spacetime.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Steven B. Giddings

Group field theory is a background-independent approach to quantum gravity whose starting point is the definition of a quantum field theory on an auxiliary group manifold (not interpreted as spacetime, but rather as the finite-dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-10 Steffen Gielen

A "quantum-first" approach to gravity is described, where rather than quantizing general relativity, one seeks to formulate the physics of gravity within a quantum-mechanical framework with suitably general postulates. Important guides are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Steven B. Giddings

According to the holographic bound, there is only a finite density of degrees of freedom in space when gravity is taken into account. Conventional quantum field theory does not conform to this bound, since in this framework, infinitely many…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-11 ChunJun Cao , Aidan Chatwin-Davies , Ashmeet Singh

The holographic principle suggests that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional. Motivated by this point-of-view, and its application to the observable Universe, we introduce a set of numerical and conceptual…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Oliver Friedrich , Ashmeet Singh , Olivier Doré

The quantum mechanical formalism for position and momentum of a particle in a one dimensional cyclic lattice is constructively developed. Some mathematical features characteristic of the finite dimensional Hilbert space are compared with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. C. de la Torre , D. Goyeneche

We obtain solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with positive cosmological constant for a closed universe in the large-volume limit. We argue that this space of solutions provides a complete basis for the Hilbert space of quantum gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 Tuneer Chakraborty , Joydeep Chakravarty , Victor Godet , Priyadarshi Paul , Suvrat Raju

We study de Sitter JT gravity in the canonical formulation to illustrate constructions of Hilbert spaces in quantum gravity, which is challenging due to the Hamiltonian constraints. The key ideas include representing states as "invariants"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

This paper elaborates on an intrinsically quantum approach to gravity, which begins with a general framework for quantum mechanics and then seeks to identify additional mathematical structure on Hilbert space that is responsible for gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Steven B. Giddings

So far, none of attempts to quantize gravity has led to a satisfactory model that not only describe gravity in the realm of a quantum world, but also its relation to elementary particles and other fundamental forces. Here, we outline the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-29 Houri Ziaeepour

The quantum states or Hilbert spaces for the quantum field theory in de Sitter space-time are studied on ambient space formalism. In this formalism, the quantum states are only depended $(1)$ on the topological character of the de Sitter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-27 M. V. Takook

The purpose of this contribution is to give an introduction to quantum geometry and loop quantum gravity for a wide audience of both physicists and mathematicians. From a physical point of view the emphasis will be on conceptual issues…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-04-11 J. Fernando Barbero G.

Finite frame quantization is a discrete version of the coherent state quantization. In the case of a quantum system with finite-dimensional Hilbert space, the finite frame quantization allows us to associate a linear operator to each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Nicolae Cotfas

Hilbert spaces in theories of gravity are notoriously subtle due to the Hamiltonian constraints, particularly regarding the inner product. To demystify this subject, we review and extend a collection of ideas in canonical gravity, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

Quantum gravity is studied nonperturbatively in the case in which space has a boundary with finite area. A natural set of boundary conditions is studied in the Euclidean signature theory, in which the pullback of the curvature to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Lee Smolin

The properties which give quantum mechanics its unique character - unitarity, complementarity, non-commutativity, uncertainty, nonlocality - derive from the algebraic structure of Hermitian operators acting on the wavefunction in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Tim Palmer

A covariant spin-foam formulation of quantum gravity has been recently developed, characterized by a kinematics which appears to match well the one of canonical loop quantum gravity. In particular, the geometrical observable giving the area…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 You Ding , Carlo Rovelli
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