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We consider several ways of decomposing models into parts of bounded size forming a congruence over a base, and show that admitting any such decomposition is equivalent to mutual algebraicity at the level of theories. We also show that a…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-08-11 Samuel Braunfeld , Michael C Laskowski

We impose rank one constraints on marginalizations of a tensor, given by a simplicial complex. Following work of Kirkup and Sullivant, such marginal independence models can be made toric by a linear change of coordinates. We study their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Tobias Boege , Sonja Petrović , Bernd Sturmfels

We prove a new general multiplicity estimate applicable to sets of functions without any assumption on algebraic independence. The multiplicity estimates are commonly used in determining measures of algebraic independence of values of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-16 Evgeniy Zorin

In this paper, we examine how various notions of independence in non-commutative probability theory arise in bi-free probability. We exhibit how Boolean and monotone independence occur from bi-free pairs of faces and establish a Kac/Loeve…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-09-08 Paul Skoufranis

In this paper we establish properties of independence for the continued fraction expansions of two algebraic numbers. Roughly speaking, if the continued fraction expansions of two irrational algebraic numbers have the same long sub-word,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-10 Xianzu Lin

In a previous paper we developed the notions of th-independence and \th-ranks which define a geometric independence relation in a class of theories which we called ``rosy''. We proved that rosy theories include simple and o-minimal theories…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alf Onshuus

A condition, in two variants, is given such that if a property P satisfies this condition, then every logic which is at least as strong as first-order logic and can express P fails to have the compactness property. The result is used to…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-15 Vera Koponen

We investigate characterizations of the Galois connection sInv-Aut between sets of finitary relations on a base set A and their automorphisms. In particular, for A=omega_1, we construct a countable set R of relations that is closed under…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ferdinand Börner , Martin Goldstern , Saharon Shelah

Statistical independence is a notion ubiquitous in various fields such as in statistics, probability, number theory and physics. We establish the stability of independence for any pair of random variables by their corresponding Brockwell…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Xingzhi Wang

We propose a definition of tropical linear series that isolates some of the essential combinatorial properties of tropicalizations of not-necessarily-complete linear series on algebraic curves. The definition combines the Baker-Norine…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-03 David Jensen , Sam Payne

We construct several new spaces of quantum sequences and their quantum families of maps in sense of So{\l}tan. Then, we introduce noncommutative distributional symmetries associated with these quantum maps and study simple relations between…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-05-12 Weihua Liu

Stable basis algebras were introduced by Fountain and Gould and developed in a series of articles. They form a class of universal algebras, extending that of independence algebras. If a stable basis algebra $\mathbb{B}$ of finite rank…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Wolfram Bentz , Victoria Gould

In set theory without the Axiom of Choice (AC), we observe new relations of the following statements with weak choice principles. 1. Every locally finite connected graph has a maximal independent set. 2. Every locally countable connected…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Amitayu Banerjee

Usual math sets have special types: countable, compact, open, occasionally Borel, rarely projective, etc. Each such set is described by a single Set Theory formula with parameters unrelated to other formulas. Exotic expressions involving…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Leonid A. Levin

The central objective of this article is to provide an elementary proof of the following theorem, of which we are unaware of any trace in the existing literature. If $B$ is a net finite free algebra over a commutative ring $A$, then it is…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Claude Quitté , Henri Lombardi

A set of multivariate polynomials, over a field of zero or large characteristic, can be tested for algebraic independence by the well-known Jacobian criterion. For fields of other characteristic p>0, there is no analogous characterization…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Johannes Mittmann , Nitin Saxena , Peter Scheiblechner

An axiomatic treatment of `independence relations' (notions of independence) for complete first-order theories is presented, the principal examples being forking (due to Shelah) and thorn-forking (due to Onshuus). Thorn-forking is…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hans Adler

We give a definition of some classes of boolean algebras generalizing free boolean algebras; they satisfy a universal property that certain functions extend to homomorphisms. We give a combinatorial property of generating sets of these…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-10-04 Corey Thomas Bruns

We study possibilities for algebraic closures, differences between definable and algebraic closures in first-order structures, and variations of these closures with respect to the bounds of cardinalities of definable sets and given sets of…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Sergey V. Sudoplatov

This work investigates the intersection property of conditional independence. It states that for random variables $A,B,C$ and $X$ we have that $X$ independent of $A$ given $B,C$ and $X$ independent of $B$ given $A,C$ implies $X$ independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-18 Jonas Peters