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Bug finding tools can find defects in software source code us- ing an automated static analysis. This automation may be able to reduce the time spent for other testing and review activities. For this we need to have a clear understanding of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Stefan Wagner , Jan Jürjens , Claudia Koller , Peter Trischberger

Developers often opt for easier but non-optimal implementation to meet deadlines or create rapid prototypes, leading to additional effort known as technical debt to improve the code later. Oftentimes, developers explicitly document the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ibuki Nakamura , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bin Lin , Hajimu Iida

Developers spend a large portion of their time and effort on comprehending source code. While many studies have investigated how developers approach these comprehension tasks and what factors influence their success, less is known about how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Chak Shun Yu , Christoph Treude , Maurício Aniche

With the recent advances in AI programming assistants such as GitHub Copilot, programming is not limited to classical programming languages anymore--programming tasks can also be expressed and solved by end-users in natural text. Despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ruchit Rawal , Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Sven Apel , Adish Singla , Mariya Toneva

Producing code of good quality is an essential skill in software development. Code quality is an aspect of software quality that concerns the directly observable properties of code, such as decomposition, modularization, and code flow. Code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Eduardo Carneiro Oliveira , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Refactoring is the art of improving the design of a system without altering its external behavior. Refactoring has become a well established and disciplined software engineering practice that has attracted a significant amount of research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Anthony Peruma , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni , Marouane Kessentini

A vigorous and growing set of technical debt analysis tools have been developed in recent years -- both research tools and industrial products -- such as Structure 101, SonarQube, and DV8. Each of these tools identifies problematic files…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jason Lefever , Yuanfang Cai , Humberto Cervantes , Rick Kazman , Hongzhou Fang

In this paper, we consider contamination by code generation test sets, in particular in their use in modern large language models. We discuss three possible sources of such contamination and show findings supporting each of them: (i) direct…

Architectural code smells erode software maintainability and are costly to repair manually, yet unlike localized bugs, they require cross-module reasoning about design intent that challenges both developers and automated tools. While large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ion George Dinu , Marian Cristian Mihăescu , Traian Rebedea

Code data has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear which aspects of code are most responsible. We investigate this question with a systematic, data-centric framework. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Abdul Waheed , Zhen Wu , Carolyn Rosé , Daphne Ippolito

As Deep learning (DL) systems continuously evolve and grow, assuring their quality becomes an important yet challenging task. Compared to non-DL systems, DL systems have more complex team compositions and heavier data dependency. These…

Understanding how software defects manifest and evolve in production environments is critical for improving reliability. While previous research has largely focused on pre-release defects, the nature of residual faults, i.e., those escaping…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Domenico Cotroneo , Giuseppe De Rosa , Cristina Improta , Benedetta Gaia Varriale

Software systems are designed according to guidelines and constraints defined by business rules. Some of these constraints define the allowable or required values for data handled by the systems. These data constraints usually originate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Juan Manuel Florez , Laura Moreno , Zenong Zhang , Shiyi Wei , Andrian Marcus

With the continuous growth of the internet market, games are becoming more and more popular worldwide. However, increased market competition for game demands developers to write more efficient games in terms of performance, security, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Vartika Agrahari , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Python is very popular because it can be used for a wider audience of developers, data scientists, machine learning experts and so on. Like other programming languages, there are beginner to advanced levels of writing Python code. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Indira Febriyanti , Youmei Fan , Kazumasa Shimari , Kenichi Matsumoto , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Software design patterns are standard solutions to common problems in software design and architecture. Knowing that a particular module implements a design pattern is a shortcut to design comprehension. Manually detecting design patterns…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Najam Nazar , Aldeida Aleti , Yaokun Zheng

Plagiarism is a commonly encountered problem in the academia. While there are several tools and techniques to efficiently determine plagiarism in text, the same cannot be said about source code plagiarism. To make the existing systems more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Vasishtha Sriram Jayapati , Ajay Venkitaraman

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated their adoption in software engineering contexts. However, concerns persist about the structural quality of the code they produce. In particular, LLMs often replicate poor…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Alejandro Velasco , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Dipin Khati , David N. Palacio , Luftar Rahman Alif , Denys Poshyvanyk

With the growing interest on Large Language Models (LLMs) for fault localization and program repair, ensuring the integrity and generalizability of the LLM-based methods becomes paramount. The code in existing widely-adopted benchmarks for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yonghao Wu , Zheng Li , Jie M. Zhang , Yong Liu

An important goal for programmers is to minimize cost of identifying and correcting defects in source code. Code review is commonly used for identifying programming defects. However, manual code review has some shortcomings: a) it is time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Balwinder Sodhi , Shipra Sharma