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With hydrodynamical simulations we determine the conditions under which an initially coplanar planet-disc system that orbits a member of a misaligned binary star evolves to form a planet that undergoes Kozai-Lidov (KL) oscillations once the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Rebecca G. Martin , Stephen H. Lubow , Chris Nixon , Philip J. Armitage

The primary aim of this work is to examine the effect of parabolic stellar encounters on the evolution of a Jovian-mass giant planet forming within a protoplanetary disc. We consider the effect on both the mass accretion and the migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Moritz Fragner , Richard Nelson

Using numerical hydrodynamics simulations we studied the gravitational collapse of pre-stellar cores of sub-solar mass embedded into a low-density external environment. Four models with different magnitude and direction of rotation of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Eduard I. Vorobyov , D. N. C. Lin , Manuel Guedel

Despite decades of effort, the mechanisms by which the spin axis of a star and the orbital axes of its planets become misaligned remain elusive. Particularly, it is of great interest whether the large spin-orbit misalignments observed are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Brandon T. Radzom , Jiayin Dong , Malena Rice , Xian-Yu Wang , Samuel W. Yee , Tyler R. Fairnington , Cristobal Petrovich , Songhu Wang

Pleione is a Be star that is in a 218 day orbit with a low-mass binary companion. Recent numerical simulations have shown that a Be star disc can be subject to breaking when material is actively being fed into the inner parts of the disc.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-24 Rebecca G. Martin , Stephen Lepp

Mutually misaligned circumbinary planets may form in a warped or broken gas disc or from later planet-planet interactions. With numerical simulations and analytic estimates we explore the dynamics of two circumbinary planets with a large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Anna C. Childs , Rebecca G. Martin , Stephen Lepp , Stephen H. Lubow , Aaron M. Geller

Gravitational-wave observations of merging compact binaries hold the key to precision measurements of the objects' masses and spins. General-relativistic precession, caused by spins misaligned with the orbital angular momentum, is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-28 Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt , Riccardo Buscicchio , Lucy M. Thomas

It has been widely thought that measuring the misalignment angle between the orbital plane of a transiting exoplanet and the spin of its host star was a good discriminator between different migration processes for hot-Jupiters.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 C. A. Watson , S. P. Littlefair , C. Diamond , A. Collier Cameron , A. Fitzsimmons , E. Simpson , V. Moulds , D. Pollacco

The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect measures the misalignment between a planet's orbital plane and its host star's rotation plane. Around 10$\%$ of planets exhibit misalignments in the approximate range $80 - 125^\circ$, with their origin…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-25 Cheng Chen , Stanley A. Baronett , C. J. Nixon , Rebecca G. Martin

Binary star systems can accrete material originating from a circumbinary disc. Since it is common for the circumbinary disc to be tilted with respect to the binary orbital plane, we test whether the accretion dynamics can be a diagnostic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-17 Jeremy L. Smallwood , Ya-Ping Li , Hongping Deng , Alessia Franchini

We investigate gap formation in gaseous protostellar disks by a planet in a circular orbit in the limit of low disk viscosity. This regime may be appropriate to an aging disk after the epoch of planet formation. We find that the distance of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Peggy Varniere , A. C. Quillen , Adam Frank

We analyse the evolution of a mildly inclined circumbinary disc that orbits an eccentric orbit binary by means of smoother particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations and linear theory. We show that the alignment process of an initially…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Jeremy L. Smallwood , Stephen H. Lubow , Alessia Franchini , Rebecca G. Martin

Annular substructures in protoplanetary discs, ubiquitous in sub-mm observations, can be caused by gravitational coupling between a disc and its embedded planets. Planetary density waves inject angular momentum into the disc leading to gap…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-04 Amelia J. Cordwell , Roman R. Rafikov

We investigate the effect of black hole spin on warped or misaligned accretion discs - in particular i) whether or not the inner disc edge aligns with the black hole spin and ii) whether the disc can maintain a smooth transition between an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Rebecca Nealon , Daniel Price , Chris Nixon

The formation of super-Earths is strongly linked to the structure of the protoplanetary disc, which determines growth and migration. In the pebble accretion scenario, planets grow to the pebble isolation mass, at which the planet carves a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-02 Bertram Bitsch

Misaligned circumbinary disks will produce dust traffic jams during alignment or anti-alignment to the binary orbital plane. We conduct a hydrodynamical simulation of an initially misaligned circumbinary disk undergoing polar alignment with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Jeremy L. Smallwood , Rebecca Nealon , Hsi-Wei Yen , Christophe Pinte , Cristiano Longarini , Hossam Aly , Min-Kai Lin

Direct imaging has revealed exoplanet systems hosting multiple wide-orbit Super-Jupiters, where planet-planet interactions can shape their long-term dynamical evolution. These strong perturbations may lead to orbital instability, raising…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Clarissa R. Do Ó , Jaehan Bae , Quinn M. Konopacky , Jayke S. Nguyen , Patrick Diamond , Krzysztof Goździewski , Dawid Jankowski

Meteoritic studies of solar system objects show evidence of nucleosynthetic heterogeneities that are inherited from small presolar grains (< 10 $\mu$m) formed in stellar environments external to our own. The initial distribution and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-17 Mark A. Hutchison , Jean-David Bodénan , Lucio Mayer , Maria Schönbächler

While many observed debris disks are thought to have gaps suggestive of the presence of planets, direct imaging surveys do not find many high mass planets in these systems. We investigate if divergent migration is a viable mechanism for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Sarah J. Morrison , Kaitlin M. Kratter