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Using a sample from a population to estimate the proportion of the population with a certain category label is a broadly important problem. In the context of microbiome studies, this problem arises when researchers wish to use a sample from…

Modularity, since its introduction, has remained one of the most widely used metrics to assess the quality of community structure in a complex network. However the resolution limit problem associated with modularity limits its applicability…

Meta-population networks are effective tools for capturing population movement across distinct regions, but the assumption of well-mixed regions fails to capture the reality of population higher-order interactions. As a multidimensional…

The theory of community structure is a powerful tool for real networks, which can simplify their topological and functional analysis considerably. However, since community detection methods have random factors and real social networks…

We investigate several geometric models of network which simultaneously have some nice global properties, that the small diameter property, the small-community phenomenon, which is defined to capture the common experience that (almost)…

Influential nodes play a critical role in boosting or curbing spreading phenomena in complex networks. Numerous centrality measures have been proposed for identifying and ranking the nodes according to their importance. Classical centrality…

It is very common to observe crowds of individuals solving similar problems with similar information in a largely independent manner. We argue here that crowds can become "smarter," i.e., more efficient and robust, by partially following…

The spatial dispersal of individuals is known to play an important role in the dynamics of populations, and is central to metapopulation theory. At the same time, local adaptation to environmental conditions creates a geographic mosaic of…

In this paper, we propose some new notions to characterize and analyze the communities. The new notions are general characters of the communities or local structures of networks. At first, we introduce the notions of internal dominating set…

Cyclic (rock-paper-scissors-type) population models serve to mimic complex species interactions. Focusing on a paradigmatic three-species model with mutations in one dimension, we observe an interplay between equilibrium and non-equilibrium…

A central issue in ecology today is that of the factors determining the relative abundance of species within a natural community. The proper application of the principles of statistical physics to the problem of species abundance…

We present a spatial, individual-based predator-prey model in which dispersal is dependent on the local community. We determine species suitability to the biotic conditions of their local environment through a time and space varying fitness…

The motivation of this paper originates from rethinking an essential characteristic of crowd counting: individuals (heads of humans) in the crowd counting task typically occupy a very small portion of the image. This characteristic has…

The maintenance of diversity, the `commonness of rarity', and compositional turnover are ubiquitous features of species-rich communities. Through a minimal model, we consider how these features reflect the interplay between environmental…

Random matrix theory successfully connects the structure of interactions of large ecological communities to their ability to respond to perturbations. One of the most debated aspects of this approach is the missing role of population…

We introduce two models of multiwinner elections with approval preferences and labelled candidates that take the committee's diversity into account. One model aims to find a committee with maximal diversity given a scoring function (e.g. of…

Many real systems can be represented as networks whose analysis can be very informative regarding the original system's organisation. In the past decade community detection received a lot of attention and is now an active field of research.…

Community detection has arisen as one of the most relevant topics in the field of graph data mining due to its importance in many fields such as biology, social networks or network traffic analysis. The metrics proposed to shape communities…

Mutualistic communities have an internal structure that makes them resilient to external per- turbations. Late research has focused on their stability and the topology of the relations between the different organisms to explain the reasons…

This paper presents a new approach to crowd behaviour anomaly detection that uses a set of efficiently computed, easily interpretable, scene-level holistic features. This low-dimensional descriptor combines two features from the literature:…