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The honeycomb-lattice cobaltate Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ has recently been proposed to be a proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid~(QSL) candidate. However, non-Kitaev terms in the Hamiltonian lead to a zigzag-type antiferromagnetic~(AFM) order at…

Kitaev interactions underlying a quantum spin liquid have been long sought, but experimental data from which their strengths can be determined directly is still lacking. Here, by carrying out inelastic neutron scattering measurements on…

High-resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements were performed on single crystals of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ in magnetic fields applied parallel to the Ru-Ru bonds. The length changes were measured in the direction…

Recent discovery of the half quantized thermal Hall conductivity in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, a candidate material for the Kitaev spin liquid, suggests the presence of a highly entangled quantum state in external magnetic fields. This field…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-06 Hyun-Yong Lee , Ryui Kaneko , Li Ern Chern , Tsuyoshi Okubo , Youhei Yamaji , Naoki Kawashima , Yong Baek Kim

Kitaev magnets are materials with bond-dependent Ising interactions between localized spins on a honeycomb lattice. Such interactions could lead to a quantum spin-liquid (QSL) ground state at zero temperature. Recent theoretical studies…

We study charge and spin transport in systems composed of itinerant electrons and localized magnetic moments of a Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) phase. For example, $\alpha-{\rm RuCl}_3$ either intrinsically doped or in proximity to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Alexey Ermakov , Alessandro Principi

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) state has been searched intensively in Kitaev-like materials, such as the Iridium oxides $A_2$IrO$_3$ and $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. The half-filled Kitaev-Hubbard model with bond dependent hopping terms is used to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-06 Shaojun Dong , Hao Zhang , Chao Wang , Meng Zhang , Yong-Jian Han , Lixin He

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) has become an exciting topic in interacting spin systems that do not order magnetically down to the lowest experimentally accessible temperature; however, conclusive experimental evidence remains lacking. Motivated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-10-26 Saikat Banerjee , Wei Zhu , Shi-Zeng Lin

Measurements of the magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter ($\Gamma_B$) and specific heat on the Kitaev material candidate $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ are used to access in-plane field- and temperature-dependence of the entropy up to 12 T and down to 1 K. No…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-08-28 S. Bachus , D. A. S. Kaib , Y. Tokiwa , A. Jesche , V. Tsurkan , A. Loidl , S. M. Winter , A. A. Tsirlin , R. Valenti , P. Gegenwart

In RuCl$_3$, inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy reveal a continuum of non-spin-wave excitations that persists to high temperature, suggesting the presence of a spin liquid state on a honeycomb lattice. In the context of the…

Recent numerical studies indicate that the antiferromagnetic Kitaev honeycomb lattice model undergoes a magnetic-field-induced quantum phase transition into a new spin-liquid phase. This intermediate-field phase has been previously…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-03-02 Shang-Shun Zhang , Gábor B. Halász , Cristian D. Batista

The rare-earth-based geometrically frustrated triangular magnets have attracted considerable attention due to the intricate interplay between strong spin-orbit coupling and the crystal electric field (CEF), which often leads to effective…

In RuCl$_3$, inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy reveal a continuum of non-spin-wave excitations that persists to high temperature, suggesting the presence of a spin liquid state on a honeycomb lattice. In the context of the…

Recent experiments reveal that the honeycomb ruthenium trichloride {\alpha}-RuCl3 is a prime candidate of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). However, there is no theoretical model which can properly describe its experimental dynamical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-08-16 Y. S. Hou , H. J. Xiang , X. G. Gong

The ruthenium halide $\alpha$-RuCl$_{3}$ is a promising candidate for a Kitaev spin liquid. However, the microscopic model describing $\alpha$-RuCl$_{3}$ is still debated partly because of a lack of analogue materials for…

The existence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) in which quantum fluctuations of spins are sufficiently strong to preclude spin ordering down to zero temperature was originally proposed theoretically more than 40 years ago, but its…

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic state of matter in which electrons' spins are quantum entangled over long distances, but do not show symmetry-breaking magnetic order in the zero-temperature limit. The observation of QSL states is a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-03-08 J. A. M. Paddison , M. Daum , Z. L. Dun , G. Ehlers , Y. Liu , M. B. Stone , H. D. Zhou , M. Mourigal

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic insulating phase with emergent gauge fields and fractionalized excitations. However, the unambiguous demonstration of the existence of a QSL in a "non-engineered" microscopic model (or in any…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-01 Xun Cai , Zhaoyu Han , Zi-Xiang Li , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

Thermodynamics of the Kitaev honeycomb magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ is studied for different directions of in-plane magnetic field using measurements of the magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter $\Gamma_B$ and specific heat $C$. We identify two…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-03 S. Bachus , D. A. S. Kaib , A. Jesche , V. Tsurkan , A. Loidl , S. M. Winter , A. A. Tsirlin , R. Valentí , P. Gegenwart

The Kitaev model belongs to an unconventional class of two-dimensional spin systems characterized by anisotropic, bond-dependent interactions that give rise to Quantum Spin Liquid (QSL) states. These exotic phases, marked by the absence of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-29 A. R. Moura , L. V. Santos