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We present a scheme for magic state distillation using punctured polar codes. Our results build on some recent work by Bardet et al. (ISIT, 2016) who discovered that polar codes can be described algebraically as decreasing monomial codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Anirudh Krishna , Jean-Pierre Tillich

In fault-tolerant quantum computing with the surface code, non-Clifford gates are crucial for universal computation. However, implementing these gates using methods like magic state distillation and code switching requires significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Sheng-Jie Huang , Yanzhu Chen

We introduce Magic Secret Sharing (MSS), a quantum cryptographic primitive in which the secret is the computational capability of a quantum state rather than its classical description. In the resource theory of magic, non-stabilizer states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Soumyojyoti Dutta , Tushar

Magic state cultivation is a leading approach for generating the resource states required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we present a new cultivation protocol that increases the success probability of magic-state generation in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Yotam Vaknin , Shoham Jacoby , Arne Grimsmo , Alex Retzker

Quantum error correction represents a significant milestone in large-scale quantum computing, with the surface code being a prominent strategy due to its high error threshold and experimental feasibility. However, it is challenging to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Zhi-Cheng He , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Topological measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) enables one to carry out universal fault-tolerant quantum computation via single-qubit Pauli measurements with a family of large entangled states called cluster states as resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Seok-Hyung Lee , Hyunseok Jeong

Standard error correction techniques only provide a quantum memory and need extra gadgets to perform computation. Central to quantum algorithms are small angle rotations, which can be fault-tolerantly implemented given a supply of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-20 Earl T. Campbell , Joe O'Gorman

We show that the physical consistency of magic state distillation imposes new constraints on the weight enumerators of classical error-correcting codes. We establish that for $|T\rangle$-state distillation protocols based on linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Amolak Ratan Kalra , Shiroman Prakash

We report a resource estimation pipeline that explicitly compiles quantum circuits expressed using the Clifford+T gate set into a surface code lattice surgery instruction set. The cadence of magic state requests from the compiled circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 Tyler LeBlond , Christopher Dean , George Watkins , Ryan S. Bennink

We propose a novel technique for optimizing a modular fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture, taking into account any desired space-time trade-offs between the number of physical qubits and the fault-tolerant execution time of a…

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

Magic states are key ingredients in schemes to realize universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Theories of magic states attempt to quantify this computational element via monotones and determine how these states may be efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-28 Nikolaos Koukoulekidis , David Jennings

State distillation is the process of taking a number of imperfect copies of a particular quantum state and producing fewer better copies. Until recently, the lowest overhead method of distilling states |A>=(|0>+e^{i\pi/4}|1>)/\sqrt{2}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-12 Austin G. Fowler , Simon J. Devitt , Cody Jones

We investigate how non-stabilizer resources enable the emergence of quantum state designs within the projected ensemble. Starting from initial states with finite magic and applying resource-free Clifford circuits to scramble them, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Hugo Lóio , Guglielmo Lami , Lorenzo Leone , Max McGinley , Xhek Turkeshi , Jacopo De Nardis

A fundamental problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation with quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes is the tradeoff between connectivity and universality. It is widely believed that in order to perform native logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Guanyu Zhu , Ryohei Kobayashi , Po-Shen Hsin

Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

We prove that magic states from the Clifford hierarchy give optimal solutions for tasks involving nonlocality and entropic uncertainty with respect to Pauli measurements. For both the nonlocality and uncertainty tasks, stabilizer states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-16 Mark Howard

The development of a framework for quantifying "non-stabiliserness" of quantum operations is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation, and by the need to estimate classical simulation cost for noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 James R. Seddon , Earl T. Campbell

Magic state distillation and the Shor factoring algorithm make essential use of logical diagonal gates. We introduce a method of synthesizing CSS codes that realize a target logical diagonal gate at some level $l$ in the Clifford hierarchy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank
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