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Unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic moments are partially or completely static in the ground state, in a quantum spin liquid they remain in collective motion down to the lowest temperatures. The importance of this state is that…

We present a comprehensive experimental investigation of the temperature evolution of magnetic states in triangular-lattice delafossite YbCuSe$_2$. Magnetization measurements on high-quality single crystals reveal easy-plane anisotropy.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-08 K. Bhattacharya , Y. Tokiwa , M. Majumder

The spin ice system Dy$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ exhibits strong frequency-dependent spin-freezing at $\sim$ 16 K temperature. Although it has been a matter of discussion for years, the origin of this unusual spin freezing is still unknown. The…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-04-06 Sheetal , C. S. Yadav

Quantum spin liquids~(QSLs) represent a unique quantum disordered state of matter that hosts long-range quantum entanglement and fractional excitations. However, structural disorder resulting from site mixing between different types of ions…

Extensive experimental investigations of the magnetic structures and excitations in the XY pyrochlores have been carried out over the last decade. Three families of XY pyrochlores have emerged: Yb$_2B_2$O$_7$, Er$_2B_2$O$_7$, and, most…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-14 Alannah M. Hallas , Jonathan Gaudet , Bruce D. Gaulin

The pyrochlore oxides Dy$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ and Ho$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ are well studied spin ice systems and have shown the evidences of magnetic monopole excitations. Unlike these, Dy$_{2}$Zr$_{2}$O$_{7}$ is reported to crystallize in a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-08-26 Sheetal , Anzar Ali , Sarita Rajput , Yogesh Singh , Tulika Maitra , C. S. Yadav

The very nature of the ground state of the pyrochlore compound Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is much debated, as experimental results demonstrate evidence for both a disordered or a long-range ordered ground state. Indeed, the delicate balance of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-05-13 E. Lhotel , S. R. Giblin , M. R. Lees , G. Balakrishnan , L. J. Chang , Y. Yasui

We study the finite temperature properties of the candidate quantum spin ice material Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ within the framework of an anisotropic nearest-neighbor spin $1/2$ model on the pyrochlore lattice. Using a combination of finite…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-21 Hitesh J. Changlani

In the pyrochlore compounds, Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and Tb$_2$Sn$_2$O$_7$, only the Tb$^{3+}$ ions are magnetic. They exhibit quite abnormal -- and, in view of their chemical similarity, strikingly different -- magnetic behaviour, as probed by…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Mirebeau , A. Apetrei , I. N. Goncharenko , R. Moessner

We report an analysis of neutron diffraction from single crystals of the spin-liquid pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7 under the application of magnetic fields along the crystallographic $[110]$ direction. Such a perturbation has been shown to destroy…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-17 J. P. C. Ruff , B. D. Gaulin , K. C. Rule , J. S. Gardner

If magnetic frustration is most commonly known for undermining long-range order, as famously illustrated by spin liquids, the ability of matter to develop new collective mechanisms in order to fight frustration is no less fascinating,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-12-31 L. D. C. Jaubert , Owen Benton , Jeffrey G. Rau , J. Oitmaa , R. R. P. Singh , Nic Shannon , Michel J. P. Gingras

The pyrochlore compounds Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 show an exotic form of magnetism called the spin ice state, resulting from the interplay between geometrical frustration and ferromagnetic coupling. A fascinating feature of this state is the…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-09-11 D. P. Leusink , F. Coneri , M. Hoek , S. Turner , H. Idrissi , G. Van Tendeloo , H. Hilgenkamp

In a class of frustrated magnets known as spin ice, magnetic monopoles emerge as classical defects and interact via the magnetic Coulomb law. With quantum-mechanical interactions, these magnetic charges are carried by fractionalised bosonic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-08-09 Lieh-Jeng Chang , Shigeki Onoda , Yixi Su , Ying-Jer Kao , Ku-Ding Tsuei , Yukio Yasui , Kazuhisa Kakurai , Martin Richard Lees

Er2Ti2O7 is believed to be a realization of an XY antiferromagnet on a frustrated lattice of corner-sharing regular tetrahedra. It is presented as an example of the order-by-disorder mechanism in which fluctuations lift the degeneracy of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-09-28 P. Dalmas de Reotier , A. Yaouanc , Y. Chapuis , S. H. Curnoe , B. Grenier , E. Ressouche , C. Marin , J. Lago , C. Baines , S. R. Giblin

Actively shought since the turn of the century, two-dimensional quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic phases of matter where magnetic moments remain disordered even at extremely low temperatures. Despite ongoing searches, QSLs remain…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-07-22 Juan Carrasquilla , Zhihao Hao , Roger G. Melko

The three-dimensional frustrated spin lattice in MgCrGaO4, where Cr3+ ions occupy a pyrochlore-like network, exemplifies a quantum magnet with competing interactions, macroscopic degeneracy, and exotic low-energy excitations. Using…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-17 U. Jena , S. Kundu , Suheon Lee , Q. Faure , F. Damay , S. Rols , Adam Berlie , S. Petit , Kwang-Yong Choi , P. Khuntia

Quantum spin ice is an appealing proposal of a quantum spin liquid - systems where the magnetic moments of the constituent electron spins evade classical long-range order to form an exotic state that is quantum entangled and coherent over…

The Ce$^{3+}$ pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ degrees of freedom in the pyrochlore magnet Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ are known to possess dipole-octupole (DO) character, making it a candidate for novel quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground states at low…

The pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Ti2O7 has proven to be an enigma to experimentalists and theorists working on frustrated magnetic systems. The experimentally determined energy level structure suggests a local <111> Ising antiferromagnet…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Enjalran , M. J. P. Gingras , Y. -J. Kao , A. Del Maestro , H. R. Molavian

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a highly entangled magnetic state characterized by the absence of static magnetism in its ground state. Instead, the spins fluctuate in a highly correlated way down to the lowest temperatures. The QSL is…