Related papers: Distortion of surfaces in graph manifolds

We prove that if S is a properly embedded incompressible surface in a compact 3-manifold M, then the fundamental group of S is separable in the fundamental group of M.

Let $g \colon S \looparrowright N$ be a properly immersed $\pi_1$--injective surface in a non-geometric $3$--manifold $N$. We compute the distortion of $\pi_1(S)$ in $\pi_1(N)$ and show that how it is related to separability of $\pi_1(S)$…

The fundamental group of a closed irreducible 3-dimensional manifold has the Rapid Decay property if and only if it is not virtually Sol. This is proved by studying distortion of length functions in graphs of groups, and the stability of…

Let M be a graph manifold. We prove that fundamental groups of embedded incompressible surfaces in M are separable in the fundamental group of M, and that the double cosets for crossing surfaces are also separable. We deduce that if there…

A graph embedded in the 3-sphere is called irreducible if it is non-splittable and for any 2-sphere embedded in the 3-sphere that intersects the graph at one point the graph is contained in one of the 3-balls bounded by the 2-sphere. We…

We give a topological interpretation of the core group invariant of a surface embedded in S^4. We show that the group is isomorphic to the free product of the fundamental group of the double branch cover of S^4 with the surface as a…

We argue that for a smooth surface S, considered as a ramified cover over the projective plane branched over a nodal-cuspidal curve B one could use the structure of the fundamental group of the complement of the branch curve to understand…

Some properties of non-orientable 3-manifolds are shown. The semi-group of cobordism of immersions of surfaces in such manifolds is computed and proven actually to be a group. Explicit invariants are provided.

In the present paper, we propose a new discrete surface theory on 3-valent embedded graphs in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space which are not necessarily discretization or approximation of smooth surfaces. The Gauss curvature and the mean…

Let M be a closed hyperbolic three manifold. We construct closed surfaces which map by immersions into M so that for each one the corresponding mapping on the universal covering spaces is an embedding, or, in other words, the corresponding…

In this article, we give the integrability conditions for the existence of an isometric immersion from an orientable simply connected surface having prescribed Gauss map and positive extrinsic curvature into some unimodular Lie groups. In…

It is known that the surface of a cone over the unit disc with large height has smaller distortion than the standard embedding of the 2-sphere in $\mathbb R^3$. In this note we show that distortion minimisers exist among convex embedded…

A graph drawn in a surface is a near-quadrangulation if the sum of the lengths of the faces different from 4-faces is bounded by a fixed constant. We leverage duality between colorings and flows to design an efficient algorithm for…

In this paper, we compute the subgroup distortion of all finitely generated subgroups of all finitely generated 3-manifold groups, and the subgroup distortion in this case can only be linear, quadratic, exponential and double exponential.…

A graph $G$ embedded in a surface $S$ is called an $S$-grid when every facial boundary walk has length four, that is, the topological dual graph of $G$ in $S$ is 4-regular. Aside from the case where $S$ is the torus or Klein bottle, an…

For a given spatial graph $\mathcal{G} \subset \mathbb{R}^3$, we would like to find a closed orientable surface $\mathcal{S}$ embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ in which $\mathcal{G}$ is cellular embedded. However, for general $\mathcal{G}$ this is…

A surface in the 4-sphere is trivially embedded, if it bounds a 3-dimensional handle body in the 4-sphere. For a surface trivially embedded in the 4-sphere, a diffeomorphism over this surface is extensible if and only if this preserves the…

This paper is the second in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to…

Motivated by recent results on diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds, this paper investigates fundamental groups of spaces of embeddings of $S^1\times D^3$ in 4-manifolds. The majority of work goes into the case of framed immersed circles.

Those maps of a closed surface to the three-dimensional torus that are homotopic to embeddings are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the somewhat intricate case when the surface is nonorientable.