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The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem and its higher-dimensional extensions forbid the existence of a unique, symmetric, and gapped ground state at fractional fillings in quantum many-body systems with a conserved particle number (or spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-18 G. Shankar , Joseph Maciejko

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem states that a spin system with translation and spin rotation symmetry and half-integer spin per unit cell does not admit a gapped symmetric ground state lacking fractionalized excitations. That is, the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-06-30 Dominic V. Else , Ryan Thorngren

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem and its descendants represent a class of powerful no-go theorems that rule out any short-range-entangled (SRE) symmetric ground state irrespective of the specific Hamiltonian, based only on certain…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-09-26 Yuan-Ming Lu

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem dictates that emergent low-energy states from a lattice model cannot be a trivial symmetric insulator if the filling per unit cell is not integral and if the lattice translation symmetry and particle…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-11-22 Gil Young Cho , Chang-Tse Hsieh , Shinsei Ryu

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem and its higher-dimensional generalizations by Oshikawa and Hastings establish that a translation-invariant lattice model of spin-$1/2$'s can not have a non-degenerate ground state preserving both spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-02-27 Meng Cheng

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem and its descendants impose strong constraints on the low-energy behavior of interacting quantum systems. In this paper, we formulate LSM-type constraints for lattice translation invariant systems with…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-05 Huan He , Yizhi You , Abhinav Prem

Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorems impose non-perturbative constraints on the zero-temperature phase diagrams of quantum lattice Hamiltonians (always assumed to be local in this paper). LSM theorems have recently been interpreted as the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-01-29 Ömer M. Aksoy , Christopher Mudry , Akira Furusaki , Apoorv Tiwari

We propose and prove a family of generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorems for symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases on boson/spin models in any dimensions. The "conventional" LSM theorem, applicable to e.g. any translation…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-08-11 Shenghan Jiang , Meng Cheng , Yang Qi , Yuan-Ming Lu

It is well known that theorems of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type prohibit the existence of a trivial symmetric gapped ground state in certain systems possessing a combination of internal and lattice symmetries. In the continuum description of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-08-29 Max A. Metlitski , Ryan Thorngren

Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) anomalies are powerful symmetry-based constraints on the correlation, entanglement and dynamics of quantum many-body systems. In this review, we discuss various LSM anomalies and anomaly matching. We start with a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-30 Liujun Zou , Meng Cheng

Symmetries rigidly delimit the landscape of quantum matter. Recently uncovered spatially modulated symmetries, whose actions vary with position, enable excitations with restricted mobility, while Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) type anomalies…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-29 Hiromi Ebisu , Bo Han , Weiguang Cao

We compute the mod-2 cohomology ring for three-dimensional (3D) space groups and establish a connection between them and the lattice structure of crystals with space group symmetry. This connection allows us to obtain a complete set of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-05-23 Chunxiao Liu , Weicheng Ye

The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem dictates that a trivial symmetric insulator in lattice models is prohibited if lattice translation symmetry and $U(1)$ charge conservation are both preserved. In this paper, we generalize the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-22 Ryohei Kobayashi , Ken Shiozaki , Yuta Kikuchi , Shinsei Ryu

The peculiar features of quantum magnetism sometimes forbid the existence of gapped `featureless' paramagnets which are fully symmetric and unfractionalized. The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem is an example of such a constraint, but it is not…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-01-20 Chao-Ming Jian , Michael Zaletel

We consider the quantum spin ice models in the planar pyrochlore lattice. The models are obtained by perturbing the Ising model with different lattice symmetry preserving quantum fluctuations. We map these models to a compact U(1) lattice…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-06 Zijian Xiong

Following recent developments in the classification of bosonic short-range entangled phases, we examine many-body quantum systems whose ground state fractionalization obeys the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem. We generalize the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-11-10 Hank Chen

We consider 2+1D lattice models of interacting bosons or spins, with both magnetic flux and fractional spin in the unit cell. We propose and prove a modified Lieb-Shultz Mattis (LSM) theorem in this setting, which applies even when the spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-09-19 Xu Yang , Shenghan Jiang , Ashvin Vishwanath , Ying Ran

We study quantum many-body systems in the presence of an exotic antiunitary translation or inversion symmetry involving time reversal. Based on a symmetry-twisting method and spectrum robustness, we propose that a half-integer spin chain…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-04 Yuan Yao , Linhao Li , Masaki Oshikawa , Chang-Tse Hsieh

In closed systems, the celebrated Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem states that a one-dimensional locally interacting half-integer spin chain with translation and spin rotation symmetry cannot have a non-degenerate gapped ground state.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-09-04 Yi-Neng Zhou , Xingyu Li , Hui Zhai , Chengshu Li , Yingfei Gu

Symmetry provides powerful non-perturbative constraints in quantum many-body systems. A prominent example is the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) anomaly -- a mixed 't Hooft anomaly between internal and translational symmetries that forbids a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-26 Tsubasa Oishi , Takuma Saito , Hiromi Ebisu
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