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We introduce temporal multimodal multivariate learning, a new family of decision making models that can indirectly learn and transfer online information from simultaneous observations of a probability distribution with more than one peak or…

Planning and reinforcement learning are two key approaches to sequential decision making. Multi-step approximate real-time dynamic programming, a recently successful algorithm class of which AlphaZero [Silver et al., 2018] is an example,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Thomas M. Moerland , Anna Deichler , Simone Baldi , Joost Broekens , Catholijn M. Jonker

This paper analyzes multi-step temporal difference (TD)-learning algorithms within the ``deadly triad'' scenario, characterized by linear function approximation, off-policy learning, and bootstrapping. In particular, we prove that $n$-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

We propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for control with continuous state and action spaces. In our framework, the user specifies subgoal regions which are subsets of states; then, we (i) learn options that serve as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Kishor Jothimurugan , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

We introduce Recursive Agent Optimization (RAO), a reinforcement learning approach for training recursive agents: agents that can spawn and delegate sub-tasks to new instantiations of themselves recursively. Recursive agents implement an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Apurva Gandhi , Satyaki Chakraborty , Xiangjun Wang , Aviral Kumar , Graham Neubig

A model among many may only be best under certain states of the world. Switching from a model to another can also be costly. Finding a procedure to dynamically choose a model in these circumstances requires to solve a complex estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Francesco Cordoni , Alessio Sancetta

The ability to plan at many different levels of abstraction enables agents to envision the long-term repercussions of their decisions and thus enables sample-efficient learning. This becomes particularly beneficial in complex environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Thomas Jiralerspong , Flemming Kondrup , Doina Precup , Khimya Khetarpal

The ability to plan with temporal abstractions is central to intelligent decision-making. Rather than reasoning over primitive actions, we study agents that compose pre-trained policies as temporally extended actions, enabling solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jesse Farebrother , Matteo Pirotta , Andrea Tirinzoni , Marc G. Bellemare , Alessandro Lazaric , Ahmed Touati

Inspired by human conscious planning, we propose Skipper, a model-based reinforcement learning framework utilizing spatio-temporal abstractions to generalize better in novel situations. It automatically decomposes the given task into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Mingde Zhao , Safa Alver , Harm van Seijen , Romain Laroche , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Efficient coordination and planning is essential for large-scale multi-agent systems that collaborate in a shared dynamic environment. Heuristic search methods or learning-based approaches often lack the guarantee on correctness and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zesen Liu , Meng Guo , Weimin Bao , Zhongkui Li

One major limitation to the applicability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to many practical domains is the large number of samples required to learn an optimal policy. To address this problem and improve learning efficiency, we consider a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Roberto Cipollone , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Marco Favorito , Luca Iocchi , Fabio Patrizi

Planning-based reinforcement learning for continuous control is bottlenecked by two practical issues: planning at primitive time scales leads to prohibitive branching and long horizons, while real environments are frequently partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Baiting Luo , Yunuo Zhang , Nathaniel S. Keplinger , Samir Gupta , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay

In this paper, we introduce a method to deal with the problem of robot local path planning among pushable objects -- an open problem in robotics. In particular, we achieve that by training multiple agents simultaneously in a physics-based…

Accuracy and timeliness are indeed often conflicting goals in prediction tasks. Premature predictions may yield a higher rate of false alarms, whereas delaying predictions to gather more information can render them too late to be useful. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wei Shao , Yufan Kang , Ziyan Peng , Xiao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yuhui Yang , Flora D Salim

We develop an incremental tableau-based decision procedures for the Alternating-time temporal logic ATL and some of its variants. While running within the theoretically established complexity upper bound, we claim that our tableau is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-09-09 Valentin Goranko , Dmitry Shkatov

Reinforcement learning has empowered large language models to act as intelligent agents, yet training them for long-horizon tasks remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality trajectories, especially under limited resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jinyang Wu , Shuo Yang , Changpeng Yang , Yuhao Shen , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao

Can simple algorithms with a good representation solve challenging reinforcement learning problems? In this work, we answer this question in the affirmative, where we take "simple learning algorithm" to be tabular Q-Learning, the "good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Kavosh Asadi , David Abel , Michael L. Littman

Deep latent variable models have achieved significant empirical successes in model-based reinforcement learning (RL) due to their expressiveness in modeling complex transition dynamics. On the other hand, it remains unclear theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Tongzheng Ren , Chenjun Xiao , Tianjun Zhang , Na Li , Zhaoran Wang , Sujay Sanghavi , Dale Schuurmans , Bo Dai

Planning with a learned model is arguably a key component of intelligence. There are several challenges in realizing such a component in large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) problems. One such challenge is dealing effectively with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Vivek Veeriah , Zeyu Zheng , Richard Lewis , Satinder Singh

Test-time compute scaling, the practice of spending extra computation during inference via repeated sampling, search, or extended reasoning, has become a powerful lever for improving large language model performance. Yet deploying these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhiyuan Zhai , Bingcong Li , Bingnan Xiao , Ming Li , Xin Wang