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We prove that a uniformly random automaton with $n$ states on a 2-letter alphabet has a synchronizing word of length $O(n^{1/2}\log n)$ with high probability (w.h.p.). That is to say, w.h.p. there exists a word $\omega$ of such length, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Guillaume Chapuy , Guillem Perarnau

In this paper we describe an approach to finding the shortest reset word of a finite synchronizing automaton by using a SAT solver. We use this approach to perform an experimental study of the length of the shortest reset word of a finite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Evgeny Skvortsov , Evgeny Tipikin

A deterministic finite automaton is said to be synchronizing if it has a reset word, i.e. a word that brings all states of the automaton to a particular one. We prove that it is a PSPACE-complete problem to check whether the language of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Marina Maslennikova

We present several infinite series of synchronizing automata for which the minimum length of reset words is close to the square of the number of states. These automata are closely related to primitive digraphs with large exponent.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Dmitry S. Ananichev , Vladimir V. Gusev , Mikhail V. Volkov

Here we study the computational complexity of the constrained synchronization problem for the class of regular commutative constraint languages. Utilizing a vector representation of regular commutative constraint languages, we give a full…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Stefan Hoffmann

The task of maximizing a monotone submodular function under a cardinality constraint is at the core of many machine learning and data mining applications, including data summarization, sparse regression and coverage problems. We study this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Silvio Lattanzi , Slobodan Mitrović , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Jakub Tarnawski , Morteza Zadimoghaddam

This paper situates itself in the theory of variable length codes and of finite automata where the concepts of completeness and synchronization play a central role. In this theoretical setting, we investigate the problem of finding upper…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Arturo Carpi , Flavio D'Alessandro

In this paper we present a new fast algorithm finding minimal reset words for finite synchronizing automata. The problem is know to be computationally hard, and our algorithm is exponential. Yet, it is faster than the algorithms used so far…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-15 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

In this paper we address the question of synchronizing random automata in the critical settings of almost-group automata. Group automata are automata where all letters act as permutations on the set of states, and they are not synchronizing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Mikhail V. Berlinkov , Cyril Nicaud

It was conjectured by \v{C}ern\'y in 1964 that a synchronizing DFA on $n$ states always has a shortest synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$, and he gave a sequence of DFAs for which this bound is reached. In this paper, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Michiel de Bondt , Henk Don , Hans Zantema

We refine a uniform algebraic approach for deriving upper bounds on reset thresholds of synchronizing automata. We express the condition that an automaton is synchronizing in terms of linear algebra, and obtain upper bounds for the reset…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-21 Mikhail Berlinkov , Marek Szykuła

We use a semigroup-theoretic construction by Peter Higgins in order to produce, for each even $n$, an $n$-state and 3-letter synchronizing automaton with the following two features: 1) all its input letters act as idempotent selfmaps of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Mikhail Volkov

In this paper, we study the word problem for automaton semigroups and automaton groups from a complexity point of view. As an intermediate concept between automaton semigroups and automaton groups, we introduce automaton-inverse semigroups,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Daniele D'Angeli , Emanuele Rodaro , Jan Philipp Wächter

We introduce two generalizations of synchronizability to automata with transitions weighted in an arbitrary semiring K=(K,+,*,0,1). (or equivalently, to finite sets of matrices in K^nxn.) Let us call a matrix A location-synchronizing if…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Szabolcs Iván

An automaton is said to be synchronizing if there is a word in the transitions which sends all states of the automaton to a single state. Research on this topic has been driven by the \v{C}ern\'y conjecture, one of the oldest and most…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-31 João Araújo , Peter J. Cameron , Benjamin Steinberg

A deterministic finite (semi)automaton is primitive if its transition monoid (semigroup) acting on the set of states has no non-trivial congruences. It is synchronizing if it contains a constant map (transformation). In analogy to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Igor Rystsov , Marek Szykuła

In the present work, we lay out a new theory showing that all automata can always be co-lexicographically partially ordered, and an intrinsic measure of their complexity can be defined and effectively determined, namely, the minimum width…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Nicola Cotumaccio , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Semiautomata form a rich class of sequence-processing algorithms with applications in natural language processing, robotics, computational biology, and data mining. We establish the first Statistical Query hardness result for semiautomata…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis , Eshaan Nichani , Jason D. Lee

Instead of looking at the lengths of synchronizing words as in \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture, we look at the switch count of such words, that is, we only count the switches from one letter to another. Where the synchronizing words of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Henk Don , Hans Zantema

One of the most important problems in the field of distributed optimization is the problem of minimizing a sum of local convex objective functions over a networked system. Most of the existing work in this area focus on developing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-08 Fatemeh Mansoori , Ermin Wei