Related papers: The Elementary Particle Cube
All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements derived from atomic orbital, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the two sets of…
All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. The periodic table is derived from dualities of string theory and a Kaluza-Klein substructure for the six extra spatial dimensions. As a…
In contemporary particle physics, the masses of fundamental particles are incalculable constants, being supplied by experimental values. Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum, and their corresponding physical…
The oldest enigma in fundamental particle physics is: Where do the observed masses of elementary particles come from? Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise…
We make an attempt to describe the spectrum of masses of elementary particles, as it comes out empirically in six distinct scales. We argue for some rather well defined mass scales, like the electron mass: it seems to us that there is a…
An approach to gauge theory in the context of locally conformally flat space-time is described. It is discussed how there are a number of natural principal bundles associated with any given locally conformally flat space-time $X$. The…
A consistent description of the fundamental interactions of particle physics based upon the assumption of 6 real extra dimensions is presented. The usual 4-dimension space-time, a curved hypersurface with the Lorentz group as local…
This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the primordial composition of the Universe in the temperature range 300 MeV>T>0.02 MeV. I exploit known properties of elementary particles and apply methods of kinetic theory and…
The masses of elementary particles and hadrons can be calculated from the periodic table of elementary particles. The periodic table is derived from dimensional hierarchy for the seven extra spatial dimensions. As a molecule is the…
A novel theory of the structure of elementary particles is outlined. The proposed relativistic covariant space-time approach supposes that all massive particles are composite particles formed by massless elementary particles with opposite…
The quark masses evaluated by the Particle Data Group are consistent with terms in a geometric progression of mass values descending from the Planck Mass. The common ratio of the sequence is 2/pi. The quarks occupy the 'principal' levels of…
We consider a model of an elementary particle as a 2 + 1 dimensional brane evolving in a 3 + 1 dimensional space. Introducing gauge fields that live in the brane as well as normal surface tension can lead to a stable "elementary particle"…
The fundamental organizing principle resulting in the periodic table is the nuclear charge. Arranging the chemical elements in an increasing atomic number order, a symmetry pattern known as the Periodic Table is detectable. The correlation…
Nucleons and electrons were once considered elementary particles, a role nowadays taken by quarks and leptons. Here, mainly at the group theoretical level, we examine the unorthodox idea that nucleons and electrons share the same level of…
Lattice theory is used to explain the rest masses of the stable mesons and baryons and their spin. From the mass of the charged pi-mesons follows the mass of the muons. From the mass of the muons follows the mass of the electron. We do not…
The author discusses particular solutions of a second order equation designated by source equation. This equation is special because the metric of the space where it is written is influenced by the solution, rendering the equation…
An alternative approach to the Standard Model is outlined, being motivated by the increasing theoretical and experimental difficulties encountered by this model, which furthermore fails to be unitary. In particular, the conceptual…
Quarks and leptons, the fundamental building blocks of the subatomic world, manifest in three families - replicas with identical quantum numbers that differ only in their masses. After revisiting the key milestones that led to the discovery…
A concept of the total velocity that contains velocity and oscillatory velocity is proposed for the velocity solution of Dirac equation. It is shown that the electronic rest energy all comes from the oscillation of the electron itself. For…
The properties of elementary particles and their interactions at different stages of the evolution of the Universe, starting with the Planck energy $ 10 ^{19} $ GeV, are presented. We assume that the Standard Model gauge group becomes…