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Quantum state tomography is a fundamental task in quantum computing, involving the reconstruction of an unknown quantum state from measurement outcomes. Although essential, it is typically introduced at the graduate level due to its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Mohammad Aamir Sohail , Ranga Sudharshan , S. Sandeep Pradhan , Arvind Rao

Estimating physical properties of quantum states from measurements is one of the most fundamental tasks in quantum science. In this work, we identify conditions on states under which it is possible to infer the expectation values of all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum state tomography is the fundamental physical task of learning a complete classical description of an unknown state of a quantum system given coherent access to many identical samples of it. The complexity of this task is commonly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Yanglin Hu , Enrique Cervero-Martín , Elias Theil , Laura Mančinska , Marco Tomamichel

Quantum technologies exploit entanglement to enhance various tasks beyond their classical limits including computation, communication and measurements. Quantum metrology aims to increase the precision of a measured quantity that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Bálint Koczor , Suguru Endo , Tyson Jones , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Simon C. Benjamin

Quantum entanglement is a key resource in quantum computing and quantum information processing tasks. However, its quantification remains a major challenge since it cannot be directly extracted from physical observables. To address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Shruti Aggarwal , Trasha Gupta , R. K. Agrawal , S. Indu

Quantum State Tomography (QST) has been the traditional method for characterization of an unknown state. Recently, many direct measurement methods have been implemented to reconstruct the state in a resource efficient way. In this letter,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Surya Narayan Sahoo , Sanchari Chakraborti , Arun K. Pati , Urbasi Sinha

Machine learning (ML) has become an attractive tool in information processing, however few ML algorithms have been successfully applied in the quantum domain. We show here how classical reinforcement learning (RL) could be used as a tool…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Jelena Mackeprang , Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari , Jörg Wrachtrup

Quantum state tomography is an essential tool for the characterization and verification of quantum states. However, as it cannot be directly applied to systems with more than a few qubits, efficient tomography of larger states on mid-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Yotam Y. Lifshitz , Eyal Bairey , Eli Arbel , Gadi Aleksandrowicz , Haggai Landa , Itai Arad

Quantum state tomography serves as a key tool for identifying quantum states generated in quantum computers and simulators, typically involving local operations on individual particles or qubits to enable independent measurements. However,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-03-26 Giacomo Marmorini , Takeshi Fukuhara , Daisuke Yamamoto

Quantum state tomography is an elementary tool to fully characterize an unknown quantum state. As the quantum hardware scales up in size, the standard quantum state tomography becomes increasingly challenging due to its exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Lu Zhong , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

The number of measurements required to reconstruct the states of quantum systems increases exponentially with the quantum system dimensions, which makes the state reconstruction of high-qubit quantum systems have a great challenge in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 J. Yang , S. Cong , X. Liu , Z. Li , K. Li

To obtain a complete description of a quantum system, one usually employs standard quantum state tomography, which however requires exponential number of measurements to perform and hence is impractical when the system's size grows large.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Tao Xin , Xinfang Nie , Xiangyu Kong , Jingwei Wen , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

An efficient state estimation model, neural network estimation (NNE), empowered by machine learning techniques, is presented for full quantum state tomography (FQST). A parameterized function based on neural network is applied to map the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Qian Xu , Shuqi Xu

Quantum dynamics can be analyzed via the structure of energy eigenstates. However, in the many-body setting, preparing eigenstates associated with finite temperatures requires time scaling exponentially with system size. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Samuel J. Garratt , Soonwon Choi

Efficient characterization of highly entangled multi-particle systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum science. Recent developments have shown that a modest number of randomized measurements suffices to learn many properties of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Katherine Van Kirk , Jordan Cotler , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Mikhail D. Lukin

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the procedure for reconstructing unknown quantum states from a series of measurements of different observables. Depending on the physical system, different sets of observables have been used for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-02 Jingfu Zhang , Swathi S. Hegde , Dieter Suter

We introduce novel schemes for quantum computing based on local measurements on entangled resource states. This work elaborates on the framework established in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 220503 (2007), quant-ph/0609149]. Our method makes use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Gross , J. Eisert , N. Schuch , D. Perez-Garcia

Quantum information theory has considerably helped in the understanding of quantum many-body systems. The role of quantum correlations and in particular, bipartite entanglement, has become crucial to characterise, classify and simulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-27 Gabriele De Chiara , Anna Sanpera

The promise of quantum neural nets, which utilize quantum effects to model complex data sets, has made their development an aspirational goal for quantum machine learning and quantum computing in general. Here we provide new methods of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-27 Maria Kieferova , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum state tomography (QST) represents an essential tool for the characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) of quantum processors. Only for a few idealized scenarios, there are analytic results for the optimal measurement set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Niklas Rohling , Guido Burkard
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