Related papers: Busy beavers and Kolmogorov complexity

One of the most fundamental problems in science is to define {\it quantitatively} the complexity of organized matters, i.e., {\it organized complexity}. Although many measures have been proposed toward this aim in previous decades, there is…

There has been always an ambiguity in division when zero is present in the denominator. So far this ambiguity has been neglected by assuming that division by zero as a non-allowed operation. In this paper, I have derived the new set of…

In the theory of algorithmic randomness, several notions of random sequence are defined via a game-theoretic approach, and the notions that received most attention are perhaps Martin-Loef randomness and computable randomness. The latter…

The complexity of an infinite word can be measured in several ways, the two most common measures being the subword complexity and the abelian complexity. In 2015, Rigo and Salimov introduced a family of intermediate complexities indexed by…

We provide tight upper and lower bounds on the expected minimum Kolmogorov complexity of binary classifiers that are consistent with labeled samples. The expected size is not more than complexity of the target concept plus the conditional…

V.I. Arnold has recently defined the complexity of a sequence of $n$ zeros and ones with the help of the operator of finite differences. In this paper we describe the results obtained for almost most complicated sequences of elements of a…

We summarize our recent findings, where we proposed a framework for learning a Kolmogorov model, for a collection of binary random variables. More specifically, we derive conditions that link outcomes of specific random variables, and…

Harvey Friedman gives a comparatively short description of an ``unimaginably large'' number $n(3)$ , beyond, e.g. the values $$ A(7,184)< A({7198},158386) < n(3)$$ of Ackermann's function - but finite. We implement Friedman's combinatorial…

This paper classifies the complexity of various teaching models by their position in the arithmetical hierarchy. In particular, we determine the arithmetical complexity of the index sets of the following classes: (1) the class of uniformly…

Specifying a computational problem requires fixing encodings for input and output: encoding graphs as adjacency matrices, characters as integers, integers as bit strings, and vice versa. For such discrete data, the actual encoding is…

In this paper, we present a theoretical effort to connect the theory of program size to psychology by implementing a concrete language of thought with Turing-computable Kolmogorov complexity (LT^2C^2) satisfying the following requirements:…

We comment on a recent paper by D'Abramo [Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 25 (2005) 29], focusing on the author's statement that an algorithm can produce a list of strings containing at least one string whose algorithmic complexity is greater…

We consider classical representations of integers: Church's function iterators, cardinal equivalence classes of sets, ordinal equivalence classes of totally ordered sets. Since programs do not work on abstract entities and require formal…

For a finite word $w$ we define and study the Kolmogorov structure function $h_w$ for nondeterministic automatic complexity. We prove upper bounds on $h_w$ that appear to be quite sharp, based on numerical evidence.

While concepts and tools from Theoretical Computer Science are regularly applied to, and significantly support, software development for discrete problems, Numerical Engineering largely employs recipes and methods whose correctness and…

We propose a measure based upon the fundamental theoretical concept in algorithmic information theory that provides a natural approach to the problem of evaluating $n$-dimensional complexity by using an $n$-dimensional deterministic Turing…

The TTE approach to Computable Analysis is the study of so-called representations (encodings for continuous objects such as reals, functions, and sets) with respect to the notions of computability they induce. A rich variety of such…

Kepler (1619) and Croft (1980) have considered largest homothetic copies of one regular polytope contained in another regular polytope. For arbitrary pairs of polytopes we propose to model this as a quadratically constrained optimization…

We consider the multiplicative complexity of Boolean functions with multiple bits of output, studying how large a multiplicative complexity is necessary and sufficient to provide a desired nonlinearity. For so-called $\Sigma\Pi\Sigma$…

Since the definition of the Busy Beaver function by Rado in 1962, an interesting open question has been the smallest value of n for which BB(n) is independent of ZFC set theory. Is this n approximately 10, or closer to 1,000,000, or is it…