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A key benefit of deep vision-language models such as CLIP is that they enable zero-shot open vocabulary classification; the user has the ability to define novel class labels via natural language prompts at inference time. However, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 A K Nirala , A Joshi , C Hegde , S Sarkar

Many modern data analyses benefit from explicitly modeling dependence structure in data -- such as measurements across time or space, ordered words in a sentence, or genes in a genome. A gold standard evaluation technique is structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Soumya Ghosh , William T. Stephenson , Tin D. Nguyen , Sameer K. Deshpande , Tamara Broderick

Effective data partitioning is known to be crucial in machine learning. Traditional cross-validation methods like K-Fold Cross-Validation (KFCV) enhance model robustness but often compromise generalisation assessment due to high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Christopher Godwin Udomboso , Caston Sigauke , Ini Adinya

While many statistical models and methods are now available for network analysis, resampling network data remains a challenging problem. Cross-validation is a useful general tool for model selection and parameter tuning, but is not directly…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-04 Tianxi Li , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

This paper presents the first general (supervised) statistical learning framework for point processes in general spaces. Our approach is based on the combination of two new concepts, which we define in the paper: i) bivariate innovations,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-03 Ottmar Cronie , Mehdi Moradi , Christophe A. N. Biscio

For linear models that may have asymmetric errors, we study variable selection by cross-validation. The data are split into training and validation sets, with the number of observations in the validation set much larger than in the training…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Bilel Bousselmi , Gabriela Ciuperca

Bayesian cross-validation (CV) is a popular method for predictive model assessment that is simple to implement and broadly applicable. A wide range of CV schemes is available for time series applications, including generic leave-one-out…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-12 Alex Cooper , Dan Simpson , Lauren Kennedy , Catherine Forbes , Aki Vehtari

It is crucial to assess the predictive performance of a model to establish its practicality and relevance in real-world scenarios, particularly for high-dimensional data analysis. Among data splitting or resampling methods, cross-validation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-26 Iris Ivy Gauran , Hernando Ombao , Zhaoxia Yu

Cross-Validation (CV) is the default choice for evaluating the performance of machine learning models. Despite its wide usage, their statistical benefits have remained half-understood, especially in challenging nonparametric regimes. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Garud Iyengar , Henry Lam , Tianyu Wang

Online Signature Verification (OSV) is a widely used biometric attribute for user behavioral characteristic verification in digital forensics. In this manuscript, owing to large intra-individual variability, a novel method for OSV based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Chandra Sekhar , Prerana Mukherjee , D. S. Guru , Viswanath Pulabaigari

We demonstrate the consistency of cross validation for comparing multiple density estimators using simple inequalities on the likelihood ratio. In nonparametric problems, the splitting of data does not require the domination of test data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-17 Heng Lian

This paper develops detailed mathematical statistical theory of a new class of cross-validation techniques of local linear kernel hazards and their multiplicative bias corrections. The new class of cross-validation combines principles of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-17 Maria Luz Gamiz , Maria Dolores Martinez-Miranda , Jens Perch Nielsen

In density estimation, the mean integrated squared error (MISE) is commonly used as a measure of performance. In that setting, the cross-validation criterion provides an unbiased estimator of the MISE minus the integral of the squared…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 José E. Chacón , Carlos Tenreiro

Many problems that appear in biomedical decision making, such as diagnosing disease and predicting response to treatment, can be expressed as binary classification problems. The costs of false positives and false negatives vary across…

Cross-validation (CV) is one of the main tools for performance estimation and parameter tuning in machine learning. The general recipe for computing CV estimate is to run a learning algorithm separately for each CV fold, a computationally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-02 Pooria Joulani , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

When selecting a classification algorithm to be applied to a particular problem, one has to simultaneously select the best algorithm for that dataset \emph{and} the best set of hyperparameters for the chosen model. The usual approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Jacques Wainer , Gavin Cawley

As the main workhorse for model selection, Cross Validation (CV) has achieved an empirical success due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, despite its ubiquitous role, CV often falls into the following notorious dilemmas. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Weikai Li , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

In model selection, several types of cross-validation are commonly used and many variants have been introduced. While consistency of some of these methods has been proven, their rate of convergence to the oracle is generally still unknown.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Guillaume Maillard

Reliable estimation of predictive performance is essential for spatial environmental modeling, where machine-learning models are used to generate maps from unevenly distributed observations. Standard cross-validation (CV) assumes that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Alexander Brenning , Thomas Suesse

Cross-validation is frequently used for model selection in a variety of applications. However, it is difficult to apply cross-validation to mixed effects models (including nonlinear mixed effects models or NLME models) due to the fact that…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-05-24 Emily Colby , Eric Bair