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How easy is it to uniquely identify a person based solely on their web browsing behavior? Here we show that when people navigate the Web, their online traces produce fingerprints that identify them. Merely the four most visited web domains…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Marcos Oliveira , Junran Yang , Daniel Griffiths , Denis Bonnay , Juhi Kulshrestha

Browser fingerprinting consists into collecting attributes from a web browser. Hundreds of attributes have been discovered through the years. Each one of them provides a way to distinguish browsers, but also comes with a usability cost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Nampoina Andriamilanto , Tristan Allard , Gaëtan Le Guelvouit

Browser fingerprinting is a pervasive online tracking technique used increasingly often for profiling and targeted advertising. Prior research on the prevalence of fingerprinting heavily relied on automated web crawls, which inherently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

There are many scenarios in which inferring the type of a client browser is desirable, for instance to fight against session stealing. This is known as browser fingerprinting. This paper presents and evaluates a novel fingerprinting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-11-21 Erwan Abgrall , Yves Le Traon , Martin Monperrus , Sylvain Gombault , Mario Heiderich , Alain Ribault

Device fingerprinting over the web has received much attention both by the research community and the commercial market a like. Almost all the fingerprinting features proposed to date depend on software run on the device. All of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Gabi Nakibly , Gilad Shelef , Shiran Yudilevich

This articles surveys the existing literature on the methods currently used by web services to track the user online as well as their purposes, implications, and possible user's defenses. A significant majority of reviewed articles and web…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-29 Tomasz Bujlow , Valentín Carela-Español , Josep Solé-Pareta , Pere Barlet-Ros

Advertisers are increasingly turning to fingerprinting techniques to track users across the web. As web browsing activity shifts to mobile platforms, traditional browser fingerprinting techniques become less effective; however, device…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Edward Chou , Muhammad Haris Mughees

Websites are capable of learning a wide range of information about the platform on which a browser is executing. One major source of such information is the set of standardised Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) provided within the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Zhaoyi Fan

Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Jamie Hayes , George Danezis

The web browser is one of the major channels to access the Internet on mobile devices. Based on the smartphone usage logs from millions of real-world Android users, it is interesting to find that about 38% users have more than one browser…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Yun Ma , Shuailiang Dong

We present a simple yet potentially devastating and hard-to-detect threat, called Gummy Browsers, whereby the browser fingerprinting information can be collected and spoofed without the victim's awareness, thereby compromising the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Zengrui Liu , Prakash Shrestha , Nitesh Saxena

Web browsers are the most common tool to perform various activities over the internet. Along with normal mode, all modern browsers have private browsing mode. The name of the mode varies from browser to browser but the purpose of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Abu Awal Md Shoeb

In this work, we inspect different data sources for browser fingerprints. We show which disadvantages and limitations browser statistics have and how this can be avoided with other data sources. Since human visual behavior is a rich source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Wolfgang Fuhl , Daniel Weber , Shahram Eivazi

Prior measurement studies on browser fingerprinting have unfortunately largely excluded Web Audio API-based fingerprinting in their analysis. We address this issue by conducting the first systematic study of effectiveness of web audio…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Shekhar Chalise , Phani Vadrevu

Web client fingerprinting has become a widely used technique for uniquely identifying users, browsers, operating systems, and devices with high accuracy. While it is beneficial for applications such as fraud detection and personalized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mordechai Guri , Dor Fibert

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

The possibility of fingerprinting the search keywords issued by a user on popular web search engines is a significant threat to user privacy. This threat has received surprisingly little attention in the network traffic analysis literature.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Junhua Yan , Hasan Faik Alan , Jasleen Kaur

The paper analyses current versions of top three used Internet browsers and compare their security levels to a research done in 2006. The security is measured by analyzing how user data is stored. Data recorded during different browsing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-12-30 Catalin Boja

In the early age of the internet users enjoyed a large level of anonymity. At the time web pages were just hypertext documents; almost no personalisation of the user experience was o ered. The Web today has evolved as a world wide…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Silvia Puglisi , David Rebollo-Monedero , Jordi Forné

Recent developments in online tracking make it harder for individuals to detect and block trackers. Some sites have deployed indirect tracking methods, which attempt to uniquely identify a device by asking the browser to perform a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Julissa Milligan , Sarah Scheffler , Andrew Sellars , Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , Mayank Varia