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We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

Altenbernd, Thomas and W\"ohrle have considered acceptance of languages of infinite two-dimensional words (infinite pictures) by finite tiling systems, with usual acceptance conditions, such as the B\"uchi and Muller ones [1]. It was proved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-08-04 Olivier Finkel

The separability problem for word languages of a class $\mathcal{C}$ by languages of a class $\mathcal{S}$ asks, for two given languages $I$ and $E$ from $\mathcal{C}$, whether there exists a language $S$ from $\mathcal{S}$ that includes…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wojciech Czerwiński , Wim Martens , Lorijn van Rooijen , Marc Zeitoun , Georg Zetzsche

A language is dense if the set of all infixes (or subwords) of the language is the set of all words. Here, it is shown that it is decidable whether the language accepted by a nondeterministic Turing machine with a one-way read-only input…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

We present an efficient algorithm for checking language equivalence of states in top-down deterministic finite tree automata (DFTAs). Unlike string automata, tree automata operate over hierarchical structures, posing unique challenges for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zhibo Deng , Vladimir A. Zakharov

We consider a temporal logic EF+F^-1 for unranked, unordered finite trees. The logic has two operators: EF\phi, which says "in some proper descendant \phi holds", and F^-1\phi, which says "in some proper ancestor \phi holds". We present an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Mikolaj Bojanczyk

We introduce a model of one-way language acceptors (a variant of a checking stack automaton) and show the following decidability properties: (1) The deterministic version has a decidable membership problem but has an undecidable emptiness…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

We prove that the isomorphism of scattered tree automatic linear orders as well as the existence of automorphisms of scattered word automatic linear orders are undecidable. For the existence of automatic automorphisms of word automatic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-26 Dietrich Kuske

Context free languages allow one to express data with hierarchical structure, at the cost of losing some of the useful properties of languages recognized by finite automata on words. However, it is possible to restore some of these…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Eryk Kopczynski

Subzero automata is a class of tree automata whose acceptance condition can express probabilistic constraints. Our main result is that the problem of determining if a subzero automaton accepts some regular tree is decidable.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Henryk Michalewski , Matteo Mio , Mikołaj Bojańczyk

There are many types of automata and grammar models that have been studied in the literature, and for these models, it is common to determine whether certain problems are decidable. One problem that has been difficult to answer throughout…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

We investigate a famous decision problem in automata theory: separation. Given a class of language C, the separation problem for C takes as input two regular languages and asks whether there exists a third one which belongs to C, includes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Thomas Place

We study the determinisation and unambiguisation problems of weighted automata over the rational field: Given a weighted automaton, can we determine whether there exists an equivalent deterministic, respectively unambiguous, weighted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ismaël Jecker , Filip Mazowiecki , David Purser

In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

We study alternating register automata on data words and data trees in relation to logics. A data word (resp. data tree) is a word (resp. tree) whose every position carries a label from a finite alphabet and a data value from an infinite…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Diego Figueira

Tree automata based algorithms are essential in many fields in computer science such as verification, specification, program analysis. They become also essential for databases with the development of standards such as XML. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. Carme , R. Gilleron , A. Lemay , A. Terlutte , M. Tommasi

This work addresses the problem of computing measures of recognisable sets of infinite trees. An algorithm is provided to compute the probability measure of a tree language recognisable by a weak alternating automaton, or equivalently…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Damian Niwiński , Marcin Przybyłko , Michał Skrzypczak

We provide decidability and undecidability results on the model-checking problem for infinite tree structures. These tree structures are built from sequences of elements of infinite relational structures. More precisely, we deal with the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-15 Alex Spelten , Wolfgang Thomas , Sarah Winter

We study the notion of sparseness for regular languages over finite trees and infinite words. A language of trees is called sparse if the relative number of $n$-node trees in the language tends to zero, and a language of infinite words is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kord Eickmeyer , Georg Schindling

We study varieties that contain unranked tree languages over all alphabets. Trees are labeled with symbols from two alphabets, an unranked operator alphabet and an alphabet used for leaves only. Syntactic algebras of unranked tree languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Magnus Steinby , Eija Jurvanen , Antonio Cano