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Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

We introduce a new continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol, self-referenced CV-QKD, that eliminates the need for transmission of a high-power local oscillator between the communicating parties. In this protocol, each…

This paper investigates an efficient and practical information reconciliation method in the case where two parties have access to correlated continuous random variables. We show that reconciliation is a special case of channel coding and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Matthieu Bloch , Andrew Thangaraj , Steven W. McLaughlin

We analyze the security of the two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol in reverse reconciliation against general two-mode attacks, which represent all accessible attacks at fixed channel parameters. Rather than against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-09 Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Yijia Zhao , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables two remote parties to establish information-theoretically secure keys and offers high practical feasibility due to its compatibility with mature coherent optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

It has been proven in the literature that the main technological factors limiting the communication rates of quantum cryptography systems by single photon are mainly related to the choice of the encoding method. In fact, the efficiency of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Nedra Benletaief , Houria Rezig , Ammar Bouallegue

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a promising approach to secure communications, with continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) offering compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Despite this advantage, CV-QKD is limited by…

In continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), the performance of the information reconciliation (IR) step is critical for the achievable secret key rate (SKR) and transmission distance. We show how to improve on the recently…

It is widely accepted in the quantum cryptography community that interactive information reconciliation protocols, such as cascade, are ineffcient due to the communication overhead. Instead, non-interactive information reconciliation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-31 Thomas Brochmann Pedersen , Mustafa Toyran

For high-speed quantum key distribution systems, error reconciliation is often the bottleneck affecting system performance. By exchanging common information through a public channel, the identical key can be generated on both communicating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Ke Cui , Jian Wang , Hong-fei Zhang , Chun-li Luo , Ge Jin , Teng-yun Chen

The goal of this note is to explain the reconciliation problem for continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols with a discrete modulation. Such modulation formats are attractive since they significantly simplify experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Anthony Leverrier

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security; however, its practical implementations are susceptible to exploitable vulnerabilities. This investigation tackles the constraints in practical QKD implementations…

The maximum operational range of continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols has shown to be improved by employing high-efficiency forward error correction codes. Typically, the secret key rate model for such protocols is…

Accurate quantum channel parameter estimation is essential for effective information reconciliation in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). However, conventional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators rely on a large amount of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Jisheng Dai , Xue-Qin Jiang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Guihua Zeng

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) employs the quadratures of a bosonic mode to establish a secret key between two remote parties, and this is usually achieved via a Gaussian modulation of coherent states. The resulting…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge communication method that enables secure communication between two parties. Continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) is a promising approach to QKD that has several advantages over traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 Andres Ruiz-Chamorro , Daniel Cano , Aida Garcia-Callejo , Veronica Fernandez

We introduce noise-adaptive quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, in which the honest parties optimize the encoding (state preparation) and decoding (measurement basis) operations according to the noise models affecting the honest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Abinash Kar , Ayan Patra , Aditi Sen De , Tamoghna Das

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocol with discrete modulation. This kind of discrete-modulated schemes have good compatibility with efficient error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Tao Wang , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is the sharing of secret keys between different parties using the continuous amplitude and phase quadratures of light. There are many protocols in which different modulation schemes are…