Related papers: Energy forms
The time-space evolution of the field is described by the transport equation for the 2-dimensional wave energy spectrum density, S(x,t), spread in the space, x, and time, t. This equation has the forcing named the source function, F,…
The notion of ``fundamental constant'' is heavily theory-laden. A natural, fairly precise formulation is possible in the context of the standard model (here defined to include gravity). Some fundamental constants have profound geometric…
Electric and magnetic current densities are an essential part of electromagnetic theory. The goal of the present paper is to define and investigate stored energies that are valid for structures that can support both electric and magnetic…
The energy spectrum and corresponding wave functions of a flat quantum dot with elliptic symmetry are obtained exactly. A detailed study is made of the effect of ellipticity on the energy levels and the corresponding wave functions. The…
In this manuscript, we study the relativistic quantum mechanics of an electron in external fields in the spinning cosmic string spacetime. We obtain the Dirac equation, write the first and second-order equations from it, and then we solve…
Many new types of sensing or imaging surfaces are based on periodic thin films. It is explained how the response of those surfaces to partially coherent fields can be fully characterized by a set of functions in the wavenumber spectrum…
The following principle of minimum energy may be a powerful substitute to the dynamical perturbation method, when the latter is hard to apply. Fluid elements of self-gravitating barotropic flows, whose vortex lines extend to the boundary of…
We derive a formula that defines quantum fluctuations of energy in subsystems of a hot relativistic gas. For small subsystem sizes we find substantial increase of fluctuations compared to those known from standard thermodynamic…
The structure and energetics of superflow around quantized vortices, and the motion inherited by these vortices from this superflow, are explored in the general setting of the superfluidity of helium-four in arbitrary dimensions. The…
Dynamical vacuum energy or quintessence, a slowly varying and spatially inhomogeneous component of the energy density with negative pressure, is currently consistent with the observational data. One potential difficulty with the idea of…
We study the form factors of local operators of integrable QFT's between states with finite energy density. These states arise, for example, at finite temperature, or from a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We generalize Smirnov's form factor…
A necessary and sufficient condition for energy-momentum conservation is proved within a topological, pre-metric approach to classical electrodynamics including magnetic as well as electric charges. The extended Lorentz force, consisting of…
In this paper we fully characterize the sequentially weakly lower semicontinuity of the parameter-depending energy functional associated with the critical Kirchhoff problem. We also establish sufficient criteria with respect to the…
We study the behavior of energy levels in two dimensions for exotic atoms, i.e., when a long-range attractive potential is supplemented by a short-range interaction, and compare the results with these of the one- and three-dimensional…
Energy conservations are studied for inhomogeneous incompressible and compressible Euler equations with general pressure law in a torus or a bounded domain. We provide sufficient conditions for a weak solution to conserve the energy. By…
In this paper, we review modified $f(R)$ theories of gravity in Palatini formalism. In this framework, , we use the Raychaudhuri's equation along with the requirement that the gravity is attractive, which holds for any geometrical theory of…
Quantum field theory allows for the suppression of vacuum fluctuations, leading to sub-vacuum phenomena. One of these is the appearance of local negative energy density. Selected aspects of negative energy will be reviewed, including the…
A unified thermodynamic framework for characterization of functional materials is developed. This framework encompasses linear reversible and irreversible processes with thermal, electrical, magnetic, and/or mechanical effects coupled. The…
Quantum fluctuations or other moments of a state contribute to energy expectation values and can imply interesting physical effects. In quantum cosmology, they turn out to be important for a discussion of density bounds and instabilities of…
In this manuscript, we consider the extension of the Hilbert-Einstein action to analyze several interesting features of the theory. More specifically, the Lagrangian $f(R)$ is replaced by $f(R, L_m)$ in action, where $R$ is the Ricci…