Related papers: Parity of Sets of Mutually Orthogonal Latin Square…

We show that any partial Latin square of order $n$ can be embedded in a Latin square of order at most $16n^2$ which has at least $2n$ mutually orthogonal mates. We also show that for any $t\geq 2$, a pair of orthogonal partial Latin squares…

Two $n \times n$ Latin squares $L_1, L_2$ are said to be orthogonal if, for every ordered pair $(x,y)$ of symbols, there are coordinates $(i,j)$ such that $L_1(i,j) = x$ and $L_2(i,j) = y$. A $k$-MOLS is a sequence of $k$…

We introduce a notion of parity for transversals, and use it to show that in Latin squares of order $2 \bmod 4$, the number of transversals is a multiple of 4. We also demonstrate a number of relationships (mostly congruences modulo 4)…

Two latin squares are orthogonal if, when they are superimposed, every ordered pair of symbols appears exactly once. This definition extends naturally to `incomplete' latin squares each having a hole on the same rows, columns, and symbols.…

We report the results of a computer investigation of sets of mutually orthogonal latin squares (MOLS) of small order. For $n\le9$ we 1. Determine the number of orthogonal mates for each species of latin square of order $n$. 2. Calculate the…

In a Latin square, every row can be interpreted as a permutation, and therefore has a parity (even or odd). We prove that in a uniformly random $n\times n$ Latin square, the $n$ row parities are very well approximated by a sequence of $n$…

For every positive integer $n$ greater than $4$ there is a set of Latin squares of order $n$ such that every permutation of the numbers $1,\ldots,n$ appears exactly once as a row, a column, a reverse row or a reverse column of one of the…

Goyeneche et al recently proposed a notion of orthogonality for quantum Latin squares, and showed that orthogonal quantum Latin squares yield quantum codes. We give a simplified characterization of orthogonality for quantum Latin squares,…

A Latin square $L(n,k)$ is a square of order $n$ with its entries colored with $k$ colors so that all the entries in a row or column have different colors. Let $d(L(n,k))$ be the minimal number of colored entries of an $n \times n$ square…

A Latin square is reduced if its first row and column are in natural order. For Latin squares of a particular order $n$ there are four possible different parities. We confirm a conjecture of Stones and Wanless by showing asymptotic equality…

The parity type of a Latin square is defined in terms of the numbers of even and odd rows and columns. It is related to an Alon-Tarsi-like conjecture that applies to Latin squares of odd order. Parity types are used to derive upper bounds…

Let $L$ be an order-$n$ Latin square. For $X, Y, Z \subseteq \{1, ... ,n\}$, let $L(X, Y. Z)$ be the number of triples $i\in X, j\in Y, k\in Z$ such that $L(i,j) = k$. We conjecture that asymptotically almost every Latin square satisfies…

We prove that, for all even $n\geq10$, there exists a latin square of order $n$ with at least one transversal, yet all transversals coincide on $ \big\lfloor n/6 \big\rfloor$ entries. These latin squares have at least $ 19 n^2/36 + O(n)$…

A Latin square has six conjugate Latin squares obtained by uniformly permuting its (row, column, symbol) triples. We say that a Latin square has conjugate symmetry if at least two of its six conjugates are equal. We enumerate Latin squares…

It is known that $N(n)$, the maximum number of mutually orthogonal latin squares of order $n$, satisfies the lower bound $N(n) \ge n^{1/14.8}$ for large $n$. For $h\ge 2$, relatively little is known about the quantity $N(h^n)$, which…

Commonly the direct construction and the description of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) makes use of difference or quasi-difference matrices. Now there exists a correspondence between MOLS and separable permutation codes. We like…

Two Latin squares of order $n$ are $r$-orthogonal if, when superimposed, there are exactly $r$ distinct ordered pairs. The spectrum of all values of $r$ for Latin squares of order $n$ is known. A Latin square $A$ of order $n$ is…

A pair of orthogonal latin cubes of order $q$ is equivalent to an MDS code with distance $3$ or to an ${\rm OA}_1(3,5,q)$ orthogonal array. We construct pairs of orthogonal latin cubes for a sequence of previously unknown orders…

We offer a piece of evidence that the problems of finding the number of mutually unbiased bases (MUB) and mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) might not be equivalent. We study a particular procedure which has been shown to relate the…

A $k$-plex in a latin square of order $n$ is a selection of $kn$ entries that includes $k$ representatives from each row and column and $k$ occurrences of each symbol. A $1$-plex is also known as a transversal. It is well known that if $n$…