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A quantum phase of matter can be understood from the symmetry of the system's Hamiltonian. The system symmetry along the time axis has been proposed to show a new phase of matter referred as discrete-time crystals (DTCs). A DTC is a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Akitada Sakurai , Victor M. Bastidas , Marta P. Estarellas , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are non-equilibrium phases in periodically driven systems that exhibit spontaneous breaking of discrete time-translation symmetry. The stabilization of most DTC phases is achieved via the disorder-induced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jian-Jia Wang , Ling-Zhi Tang , Yan-Xiong Du , Dan-Wei Zhang

Statistical mechanics underlies our understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. It is based on the assumption that out-of-equilibrium systems rapidly approach their equilibrium states, forgetting any information about their microscopic…

We propose a novel protocol to realize discrete time-crystal (DTC) order in clean, periodically driven spin-$1/2$ chains. In each drive cycle, a global spin flip is followed by a two-tone flat-band segment. This flat-band segment engineers…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-17 Mahbub Rahaman , Analabha Roy

We describe a possible general and simple paradigm in a classical thermal setting for discrete time crystals (DTCs), systems with stable dynamics which is subharmonic to the driving frequency thus breaking discrete time-translational…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-22 F. M. Gambetta , F. Carollo , A. Lazarides , I. Lesanovsky , J. P. Garrahan

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) have emerged as novel nonequilibrium phases of matter that spontaneously break discrete time-translation symmetry in periodically driven systems. Rigorous experimental validation of DTCs, which requires highly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-24 Naoya Egawa , Kaoru Mizuta , Joji Nasu

Discrete-Time Crystals (DTC) are a non-equilibrium phase of matter characterized by the breaking of time-translation symmetry in periodically driven quantum systems. In this work, we present a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a DTC in a…

We consider a dissipative quantum Ising model periodically driven by a train of $\pi$-pulses and investigate dissipative discrete time crystals (DTCs) in solids. In this model, the interaction between the spins spontaneously breaks the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-01 Koki Chinzei , Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda

We investigate thermalization dynamics of a driven dipolar many-body quantum system through the stability of discrete time crystalline order. Using periodic driving of electronic spin impurities in diamond, we realize different types of…

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are non-equilibrium phases of matter that break the discrete time-translation symmetry and is characterized by a robust subharmonic response in periodically driven quantum systems. Here, we explore the DTC in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Ling-Zhi Tang , Xiao Li , Z. D. Wang , Dan-Wei Zhang

A remarkable consequence of spontaneously breaking the time translational symmetry in a system, is the emergence of time crystals. In periodically driven systems, discrete time crystals (DTC) can be realized which have a periodicity that is…

While a generic open quantum system decays to its steady state, continuous time crystals (CTCs) develop spontaneous oscillation and never converge to a stationary state. Just as crystals develop correlations in space, CTCs do so in time.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Parvinder Solanki , Fabrizio Minganti

Continuous time crystals (CTCs) are characterized by sustained oscillations that break the time translation symmetry. Since the ruling out of equilibrium CTCs by no-go theorems, the emergence of such dynamical phases has been observed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Ya-Xin Xiang , Qun-Li Lei , Zhengyang Bai , Yu-Qiang Ma

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are nonequilibrium phases of matter characterized by robust subharmonic order parameter dynamics. We report a new type of DTC in a periodically driven surface code, the subharmonic signature of which is only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Raditya Weda Bomantara

Discrete (DTCs) and continuous time crystals (CTCs) are novel dynamical many-body states, that are characterized by robust self-sustained oscillations, emerging via spontaneous breaking of discrete or continuous time translation symmetry.…

Our understanding of phases of matter relies on symmetry breaking, one example being water ice whose crystalline structure breaks the continuous translation symmetry of space. Recently, breaking of time translation symmetry was observed in…

Periodically driven quantum systems manifest various non-equilibrium features which are absent at equilibrium. For example, discrete time-translation symmetry can be broken in periodically driven quantum systems leading to an exotic phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 C. M. Dai , Z. C. Gu , X. X. Yi

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are nonequilibrium phases of matter with exotic observable dynamics. Among their remarkable features is their response to a periodic drive at a fraction of its frequency. Current successful experiments are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Raditya Weda Bomantara

Prethermal discrete time crystals (DTCs) are a novel phase of periodically driven matter that exhibits robust subharmonic oscillations without requiring disorder. However, previous realizations of prethermal DTCs have relied on the presence…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-09-15 Takeru Yokota , Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda

Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Xiao Mi , Matteo Ippoliti , Chris Quintana , Ami Greene , Zijun Chen , Jonathan Gross , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Alexandre Bourassa , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Dripto Debroy , Sean Demura , Alan R. Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Tanuj Khattar , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O\' Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Balint Pato , Andre Petukhov , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vladimir Shvarts , Yuan Su , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly , Yu Chen , S. L. Sondhi , Roderich Moessner , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vedika Khemani , Pedram Roushan