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We study a model of programmable matter systems consisting of $n$ devices lying on a 2-dimensional square grid which are able to perform the minimal mechanical operation of rotating around each other. The goal is to transform an initial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Matthew Connor , Othon Michail , Igor Potapov

The concept of programmable matter envisions a very large number of tiny and simple robot particles forming a smart material. Even though the particles are restricted to local communication, local movement, and simple computation, their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Irina Kostitsyna , Tom Peters , Bettina Speckmann

We investigate computational issues in the distributed model Amoebots of programmable matter. In this model, the computational entities, called particles, are anonymous finite-state machines that operate and move on an hexagonal tasselation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Paola Flocchini , Nicola Santoro , Giovanni Viglietta , Yukiko Yamauchi

We study a model of programmable matter systems consisting of $n$ devices lying on a 2-dimensional square grid, which are able to perform the minimal mechanical operation of rotating around each other. The goal is to transform an initial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Matthew Connor , Othon Michail

Shape formation is a basic distributed problem for systems of computational mobile entities. Intensively studied for systems of autonomous mobile robots, it has recently been investigated in the realm of programmable matter. Namely, it has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Giuseppe A. Di Luna , Paola Flocchini , Nicola Santoro , Giovanni Viglietta , Yukiko Yamauchi

We consider a discrete system of $n$ devices lying on a 2-dimensional square grid and forming an initial connected shape $S_I$. Each device is equipped with a linear-strength mechanism which enables it to move a whole line of consecutive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Abdullah Almethen , Othon Michail , Igor Potapov

We consider a discrete system of $n$ simple indistinguishable devices, called \emph{agents}, forming a \emph{connected} shape $S_I$ on a two-dimensional square grid. Agents are equipped with a linear-strength mechanism, called a \emph{line…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Abdullah Almethen , Othon Michail , Igor Potapov

The theory of spin models intersects with condensed matter physics, complex systems, graph theory, combinatorial optimization, computational complexity and neural networks. Many ensuing applications rely on the fact that complicated spin…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Tobias Reinhart , Benjamin Engel , Gemma De les Coves

The sliding square model is a widely used abstraction for studying self-reconfigurable robotic systems, where modules are square-shaped robots that move by sliding or rotating over one another. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Irina Kostitsyna , David Liedtke , Christian Scheideler

Many proposals have already been made for realizing programmable matter, ranging from shape-changing molecules, DNA tiles, and synthetic cells to reconfigurable modular robotics. Envisioning systems of nano-sensors devices, we are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-04-09 Zahra Derakhshandeh , Robert Gmyr , Andrea W. Richa , Christian Scheideler , Thim Strothmann

Autonomous reconfiguration of agent-based systems is a key challenge in the study of programmable matter, distributed robotics, and molecular self-assembly. While substantial prior work has focused on size-preserving transformations, much…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nada Almalki , Siddharth Gupta , Othon Michail , Andreas Padalkin

In this paper, we study a discrete system of entities residing on a two-dimensional square grid. Each entity is modelled as a node occupying a distinct cell of the grid. The set of all $n$ nodes forms initially a connected shape $A$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Abdullah Almethen , Othon Michail , Igor Potapov

Consider the problem of planning collision-free motion of $n$ objects in the plane movable through contact with a robot that can autonomously translate in the plane and that can move a maximum of $m \leq n$ objects simultaneously. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Marilena Vendittelli , Jean-Paul Laumond , Bud Mishra

Molecular robotics is challenging, so it seems best to keep it simple. We consider an abstract molecular robotics model based on simple folding instructions that execute asynchronously. Turning Machines are a simple 1D to 2D folding model,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Irina Kostitsyna , Cai Wood , Damien Woods

Moving a module in a modular robot is a very complex and error-prone process. Unlike in swarm, in the modular robots we are targeting, the moving module must keep the connection to, at least, one other module. In order to miniaturize each…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Benoit Piranda , Julien Bourgeois

We consider methods for connected reconfigurations by finite automate in the so-called \emph{hybrid} or \emph{Robot-on-Tiles} model of programmable matter, in which a number of simple robots move on and rearrange an arrangement of passive…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Sándor P. Fekete , Eike Niehs , Christian Scheffer , Arne Schmidt

The scope of this paper is two-fold. First, to present to the researchers in combinatorics an interesting implementation of permutations avoiding generalized patterns in the framework of discrete-time dynamical systems. Indeed, the orbits…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-09-05 José M. Amigó , Sergi Elizalde , Matthew B. Kennel

We study the problem of planning paths for $p$ distinguishable pebbles (robots) residing on the vertices of an $n$-vertex connected graph with $p \le n$. A pebble may move from a vertex to an adjacent one in a time step provided that it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jingjin Yu , Daniela Rus

In this paper, we study the computation of shortest paths within the \emph{geometric amoebot model}, a commonly used model for programmable matter. Shortest paths are essential for various tasks and therefore have been heavily investigated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Andreas Padalkin , Christian Scheideler

The ability to control electromagnetic fields on the subwavelength scale could open exciting new venues in many fields of science. Transformation optics provides one way to attain such control through the local variation of the permittivity…

Optics · Physics 2014-05-13 Bo Liu , Eric J. Heller
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