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Quantum computing with qudits is an emerging approach that exploits a larger, more-connected computational space, providing advantages for many applications, including quantum simulation and quantum error correction. Nonetheless, qudits are…

To unleash the potential of quantum computers, noise effects on qubits' performance must be carefully managed. The decoders responsible for diagnosing noise-induced computational errors must use resources efficiently to enable scaling to…

Noisy quantum simulation is challenging since one has to take into account the stochastic nature of the process. The dominating method for it is the density matrix approach. In this paper, we evaluate conditions for which this method is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 William Berquist , Danylo Lykov , Minzhao Liu , Yuri Alexeev

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its practical implementation remains a major engineering challenge. In particular, QEC demands precise real-time control of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Junyi Liu , Yi Lee , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Xiaodi Wu

Distributed architectures are a route to scalable quantum computing, but the performance of fault-tolerant operations across noisy inter-module links remains poorly characterized. We present circuit-level simulations of two key distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 John Stack , Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

Geometric phase is a promising element to induce high-fidelity and robust quantum operations due to its built-in noise-resilience feature. Unfortunately, its practical applications are usually circumscribed by requiring complex interactions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Tao Chen , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Keeping single-qubit quantum coherence above some threshold value not far below unity is a prerequisite for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC). We study the initial dephasing of solid-state qubits in the independent-boson model,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-01-11 Roland Doll , Peter Hanggi , Sigmund Kohler , Martijn Wubs

The typical time-independent view of quantum error correction (QEC) codes hides significant freedom in the decomposition into circuits that are executable on hardware. Using the concept of detecting regions, we design time-dynamic QEC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Matt McEwen , Dave Bacon , Craig Gidney

Due to the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental noise, which leads to decoherence and information loss, active quantum error correction(QEC) is essential. Surface codes represent one of the most promising fault-tolerant QEC schemes,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hao Wang , Erjia Xiao , Wenbo Mu , Songhuan He , Zhongyi Ni , Lingfeng Zhang , Xiaokun Zhan , Yifei Cui , Jinguo Liu , Cheng Wang , Zhongrui Wang , Renjing Xu

The potential of quantum computers to outperform classical ones in practically useful tasks remains challenging in the near term due to scaling limitations and high error rates of current quantum hardware. While quantum error correction…

Error rates in current noisy quantum hardware are not static; they vary over time and across qubits. This temporal and spatial variation challenges the effectiveness of fixed-distance quantum error correction (QEC) codes. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Qubit measurements are central to quantum information processing. In the field of superconducting qubits, standard readout techniques are not only limited by the signal-to-noise ratio, but also by state relaxation during the measurement. In…

Quantum noise fundamentally limits the utility of near-term quantum devices, making error mitigation essential for practical quantum computation. While traditional quantum error correction codes require substantial qubit overhead and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Karan Kendre

In this paper, we explore the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. To circumvent the traditionally low thresholds of small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-15 Alexis T. E. Shaw , Michael J. Bremner , Alexandru Paler , Daniel Herr , Simon J. Devitt

State-of-the-art transmon qubits rely on large capacitors which systematically improves their coherence due to reduced surface loss participation. However, this approach increases both the footprint and the parasitic cross-coupling and is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 M. Zemlicka , E. Redchenko , M. Peruzzo , F. Hassani , A. Trioni , S. Barzanjeh , J. M. Fink

The design and performance analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) codes are often based on incoherent and independent noise models since it is easy to simulate. However, these models fail to capture realistic hardware noise sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Zeyuan Zhou , Andrew Ji , Yongshan Ding

Rapidly developing experiments across multiple platforms now aim to realise small quantum codes, and so demonstrate a memory within which a logical qubit can be protected from noise. There is a need to benchmark the achievements in these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-27 Xiaosi Xu , Niel de Beaudrap , Joe O'Gorman , Simon C. Benjamin

Practical quantum computers will require resource-efficient error-correcting codes. The rotated surface code uses approximately half the number of qubits as the unrotated surface code to create a logical qubit with the same error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anthony Ryan O'Rourke , Simon Devitt

We study the energy relaxation times ($T_1$) of superconducting transmon qubits in 3D cavities as a function of dielectric participation ratios of material surfaces. This surface participation ratio, representing the fraction of electric…

Computing ground-state properties of molecules is a promising application for quantum computers operating in concert with classical high-performance computing resources. Quantum embedding methods are a family of algorithms particularly…

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