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Flow develops in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions via re-interactions among partons or/and hadrons. Characterizing flow is a crucial step towards understanding the formation of partonic matter. We review new measurements on…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 Fabrice Retiere

We explore theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions by examining the full non-linear causality conditions and quantifying the second-order transport coefficients' role on flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-06-09 Cheng Chiu , Chun Shen

Using the AMPT model for relativistic heavy ion collisions, we have studied the di-hadron azimuthal angular correlations triggered by emitted jets in Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV and impact parameter…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-17 Jun Xu , Che Ming Ko

The hydrodynamic flow-like behavior of charged hadrons in high-energy lead-lead collisions is studied through multiparticle correlations. The elliptic anisotropy values based on different orders of multiparticle cumulants, $v_{2}\{2k\}$,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-02-20 CMS Collaboration

Elliptic flow holds much promise for studying the early-time thermalization attained in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. Flow measurements also provide a means of distinguishing between hydrodynamic models and calculations which…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 STAR collaboration

In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sangyong Jeon , Volker Koch

We report STAR measurements relating to higher flow harmonics including the centrality dependence of two- and four-particle cumulants for harmonics 1 to 6. Two-particle correlation functions vs. \Delta\eta and \Delta\phi are presented for…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Paul Sorensen

Based on the initial state geometrical symmetry for collisions between two identical heavy ions at high energy, the general form for the one- and two-particle azimuthal distributions is deduced. Relation between these distributions and the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-14 G. L. Li , C. B. Yang , D. M. Zhou

Anisotropic flow phenomena is a key probe of the existence of Quark-Gluon Plasma. Several new observable associated with correlations between anisotropic flow harmonics are developed, which are expected to be sensitive to the initial…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-07-20 You Zhou

We train a deep convolutional neural network to predict hydrodynamic results for flow coefficients, average transverse momenta and charged particle multiplicities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions from the initial energy density…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-09 H. Hirvonen , K. J. Eskola , H. Niemi

We propose a new method to study transverse flow effects in relativistic nuclear collisions by Fourier analysis of the azimuthal distribution on an event-by-event basis in relatively narrow rapidity windows. The distributions of Fourier…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-05 S. Voloshin , Y. Zhang

The pseudorapidity dependence of elliptic ($v_2$), triangular ($v_3$), and quadrangular ($v_4$) flow coefficients of charged particles measured in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-04-15 ALICE Collaboration

Directed and elliptic flow are reported for charged pions and protons as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality in 40 and 158 AGeV Pb + Pb collisions. The standard method of correlating particles with an event plane is…

Quantum fluctuations plays an essential role in forming the collective flow of hadrons observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Event-by-event fluctuations of the collective flow can arise from various sources, such as the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-09 Xinrong Chen , Xiang-Yu Wu , Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin

We have developed a relativistic kinetic transport approach that incorporates initial state fluctuations allowing to study the build up of elliptic flow $v_2$ and high order harmonics $v_3$, $v_4$ and $v_5$ for a fluid at fixed $\eta/s(T)$.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-23 Salvatore Plumari , Giovanni Luca Guardo , Francesco Scardina , Vincenzo Greco

We analyze the multiplicity correlations between distant forward and backward rapidity regions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in a superposition framework, where the particle production occurs through independent emission from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Adam Olszewski , Wojciech Broniowski

Recent developments on a deep learning feed-forward network for estimating elliptic flow ($v_2$) coefficients in heavy-ion collisions have shown us the prediction power of this technique. The success of the model is mainly the estimation of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-05 Neelkamal Mallick , Suraj Prasad , Aditya Nath Mishra , Raghunath Sahoo , Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi

In this study, we report the predictions for the flow observables for different centrality classes in $O+O$ collisions. Our predictions utilize two different approaches, hydrodynamic and transport models, to analyze the behavior of the flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-07-23 Jagbir Singh , M. U. Ashraf , A. M. Khan , S. Kabana

Using a hydrodynamical model we study how the order of phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter affects single particle spectra, elliptic flow and higher order anisotropies in Au+Au collisions at RHIC…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Huovinen

The ALICE and CMS Collaborations have analyzed a number of cumulants mixing elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$), involving up to $8$ particles, in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. We unravel an unexpected simplicity in these…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-26 Mubarak Alqahtani , Jean-Yves Ollitrault