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We report on a novel device capable of imaging second-order spatio-temporal correlations g2(x,t) between photons. The imager is based on a monolithic array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) implemented in CMOS technology and a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-11 D. L. Boiko , N. J. Gunther , N. Brauer , M. Sergio , C. Niclass , G. B. Beretta , E. Charbon

Controlling light penetration depth in Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) and Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) play a major role in achieving high multiplication gain by delivering light near the multiplication region where the electric…

A multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity has been developed, based on a technology of a hybrid photo-detector (HPD) consisting of a photocathode and a multi-pixel avalanche diode (MP-AD). The developed HPD has a proximity…

We present a novel approach to implement compressive sensing in laser scanning microscopes (LSM), specifically in image scanning microscopy (ISM), using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector. Our method addresses two…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Ajay Gunalan , Marco Castello , Simonluca Piazza , Shunlei Li , Alberto Diaspro , Leonardo S. Mattos , Paolo Bianchini

Communicating information at the few photon level typically requires some complexity in the transmitter or receiver in order to operate in the presence of noise. This in turn incurs expense in the necessary spatial volume and power…

The single-photon avalanche photodiode(SPAD) has been widely used in research on quantum optics. The afterpulsing effect, which is an intrinsic character of SPAD, affects the system performance in most experiments and needs to be carefully…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-09-21 Fang-Xiang Wang , Wei Chen , Ya-Ping Li , De-Yong He , Chao Wang , Yun-Guang Han , Shuang Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han

The single photoelectron performance characteristics of a Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetector (LAPPD) were studied using a picosecond optical laser source. We verify that the LAPPD is capable of achieving transit time spreads of less than…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-07-24 Robert Foster , Andrew Scarff , Matthew Malek

Enhancing photon detection efficiency and time resolution in photodetectors in the entire visible range is critical to improve the image quality of time-of-flight (TOF)-based imaging systems and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). In this…

We demonstrate an efficient photon number detector for visible wavelengths using a silicon avalanche photodiode. Under subnanosecond gating, the device is able to resolve up to four photons in an incident optical pulse. The detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-21 O. Thomas , Z. L. Yuan , J. F. Dynes , A. W. Sharpe , A. J. Shields

Single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) are well-suited for satellite-based quantum communication because of their advantageous operating characteristics as well as their relatively straightforward and robust integration into satellite…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Joanna Krynski , Nigar Sultana , Youn Seok Lee , Vadim Makarov , Thomas Jennewein

Gated quenched SPAD detectors are widely used in quantum communication and quantum computing setups employing high-repetition-rate lasers. Here, we present a novel scheme for high-repetition-rate (100 MHz) sine-wave gated SPADs, based on…

Photon detectors featuring single-photon sensitivity play a crucial role in various scientific domains, including high-energy physics, astronomy, and quantum optics. Fast response time, high quantum efficiency, and minimal dark counts are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-06-27 Mohamed Boukhicha , Thomas Y. Tsang , Gabriele Giacomini , Amir M. Dabiran , Luca Cultrera

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are the state-of-the-art technology in single-photon detection with solid-state detectors. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), the key element of SiPMs, can now be manufactured in CMOS processes,…

3D depth sensors using single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are becoming increasingly common in applications such as autonomous navigation and object detection. Recent designs implement on-chip histogramming time-to-digital converters…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Jack MacLean , Brian Stewart , Istvan Gyongy

For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-03-06 R. Jöhren , R. Berendes , W. Buglak , D. Hampf , V. Hannen , J. Mader , W. Nörtershäuser , R. Sánchez , C. Weinheimer

High-frequency gating InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors (SPDs) are widely used for applications requiring single-photon detection in the near-infrared region such as quantum key distribution. Reducing SPD size is highly desired for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-12-06 Wen-Hao Jiang , Xin-Jiang Gao , Yu-Qiang Fang , Jian-Hong Liu , Yong Zhou , Li-Qun Jiang , Wei Chen , Ge Jin , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Single-photon detectors, like Avalanche Photo Diodes (APDs), have a great importance in many fields like quantum key distribution, laser ranging, florescence microscopy, etc. Afterpulsing is a typical non ideal behavior of APDs, operated in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-03-28 Abdul W. Ziarkash , Siddarth Koduru Joshi , Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin

While it took about a decade for a germanium (Ge) thin film grown on a silicon (Si) substrate to be successfully applied as a detector material for high-speed optical fiber communication application, it took about another decade to further…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-11 Neil Na , Erik Chen , Gerald S. Bullerb , Robert H. Hadfield , Richard A. Sorefd

Photon detection is a cornerstone of quantum technology, traditionally regarded as a static device-level operation constrained by the intrinsic physical properties of single-photon detectors (SPDs). Consequently, high-performance detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Hao Shu

Bounded by the size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) of conventional superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD), applications of SSPDs were commonly confined in the laboratory. However, booming demands for high efficiency single…