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In this note we give a short and elementary proof of a more general version of Whitney's theorem that 3-connected planar graphs have a unique embedding in the plane. A consequence of the theorem is that cubic plane graphs cannot be embedded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Gunnar Brinkmann

The goal of this expository article is to present a proof that is as direct and elementary as possible of the fundamental theorem of complex multiplication (Shimura, Taniyama, Langlands, Tate, Deligne et al.). The article is a revision of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-24 J. S. Milne

We announce here that Fermat's Last theorem was solved, but there is an easy proof of it on the basis of elemetary undergraduate mathematics. We shall disclose such an easy proof.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-10-13 YangGon Kim , SooGon Kim , BumSeok Jeon , SeungKon Kim , ChangKon Kim

We use the recently introduced \'etale open topology to prove several facts about large fields. We show that these facts lift to a very general topological setting.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-12 Erik Walsberg

A slight modification to one of Tarski's axioms of plane Euclidean geometry is proposed. This modification allows another of the axioms to be omitted from the set of axioms and proven as a theorem. This change to the system of axioms…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-06-04 Timothy Makarios

Komlos [Komlos: Tiling Turan Theorems, Combinatorica, 2000] determined the asymptotically optimal minimum-degree condition for covering a given proportion of vertices of a host graph by vertex-disjoint copies of a fixed graph H, thus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Jan Hladký , Ping Hu , Diana Piguet

We construct a countable simple theory which, in Keisler's order, is strictly above the random graph (but "barely so") and also in some sense orthogonal to the building blocks of the recently discovered infinite descending chain. As a…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-29 M. Malliaris , S. Shelah

The aim of this paper is to prove Cotlar's ergodic theorem modeled on the set of primes.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-12-02 Mariusz Mirek , Bartosz Trojan

The leading idea of the paper is to treat the theorem of Wigner with methods inspired by geometry. The exercise mentionned in the title has two functions: On the one hand it can serve as a pedagogical text in order to make the reader…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-07-04 Manfred Buth

We show that a simple and straightforward rational approximation to the Thomas--Fermi equation provides the slope at origin with unprecedented accuracy. We compare present approach with other available ones.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-05-28 Francisco M. Fernandez

In this note we shall give a new proof to a quadrature formulae due to Newton.

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Cezar Lupu , Tudorel Lupu

We prove that for any weakly convergent sequence of finite graphs with bounded vertex degrees, there exists a topological limit graphing.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gabor Elek

This is a new and short proof of the main theorem of classical structure tree theory. Namely, we show the existence of certain automorphism-invariant tree-decompositions of graphs based on the principle of removing finitely many edges. This…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-03-05 Bernhard Krön

We give a brief historical overview of the famous Pythagoras' theorem and Pythagoras. We present a simple proof of the result and dicsuss some extensions. We follow \cite{thales}, \cite{wiki} and \cite{wiki2} for the historical comments and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-09-23 Manjil P. Saikia

This is an expository paper giving a proof of the existence and uniqueness of smooth structures (hence also PL structures) on topological surfaces. Most published proofs rely on the topological Schoenflies theorem, but here we use instead…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Allen Hatcher

Mermin's simple "pentagram" proof of the Kochen-Specker theorem is examined from various perspectives. We emphasise the many mathematical structures intimately related to Kochen-Specker proofs, ranging through functional analysis, sheaf…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-04 Leon Loveridge , Raouf Dridi

By any account, the 1998 proof of the Kepler conjecture is complex. The thesis underlying this article is that the proof is complex because it is highly under-automated. Throughout that proof, manual procedures are used where automated ones…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

A perfect matching in a bipartite graph embedded on a torus defines a height function on the graph's faces and an associated height change vector in $\Z^2$. These matchings are enumerated by a combination of four evaluations of a bivariate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-25 Álvar Ibeas Martín

We prove a Reeb sphere theorem for finite simple graphs. The result bridges two different definitions of spheres in graph theory. We also reformulate Morse conditions in terms of the center manifolds, the level surface graphs {f=f(x)} in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Oliver Knill

We extend Deligne's original argument showing that locally coherent topoi have enough points, clarified using collage diagrams. We show that our refinement of Deligne's technique can be adapted to recover every existing result of this kind,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Ivan Di Liberti , Morgan Rogers