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In search engines, query expansion (QE) is a crucial technique to improve search experience. Previous studies often rely on long-term search log mining, which leads to slow updates and is sub-optimal for time-sensitive news searches. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yanan Zhang , Weijie Cui , Yangfan Zhang , Xiaoling Bai , Zhe Zhang , Jin Ma , Xiang Chen , Tianhua Zhou

Query Expansion (QE) is a well established method for improving retrieval metrics in image search applications. When using QE, the search is conducted on a new query vector, constructed using an aggregation function over the query and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Benjamin Klein , Lior Wolf

Software developers frequently issue generic natural language queries for code search while using code search engines (e.g., GitHub native search, Krugle). Such queries often do not lead to any relevant results due to vocabulary mismatch…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

Developers often search for relevant code examples on the web for their programming tasks. Unfortunately, they face two major problems. First, the search is impaired due to a lexical gap between their query (task description) and the…

Query auto completion (QAC) systems are a standard part of search engines in industry, helping users formulate their query. Such systems update their suggestions after the user types each character, predicting the user's intent using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Nicolas Fiorini , Zhiyong Lu

Poor information retrieval performance has often been attributed to the query-document vocabulary mismatch problem which is defined as the difficulty for human users to formulate precise natural language queries that are in line with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Bhawani Selvaretnam , Mohammed Belkhatir

Modern information retrieval must reconcile short, ambiguous queries with increasingly diverse and dynamic corpora. Query expansion (QE) remains a core technique for mitigating vocabulary mismatch, but its design space has been reshaped by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Minghan Li , Xinxuan Lv , Junjie Zou , Tongna Chen , Chao Zhang , Suchao An , Ercong Nie , Guodong Zhou

The exponential growth of information on the Internet is a big challenge for information retrieval systems towards generating relevant results. Novel approaches are required to reformat or expand user queries to generate a satisfactory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Morgan Gallant , Haruna Isah , Farhana Zulkernine , Shahzad Khan

Since the length of microblog texts, such as tweets, is strictly limited to 140 characters, traditional Information Retrieval techniques suffer from the vocabulary mismatch problem severely and cannot yield good performance in the context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Runwei Qiang , Feifan Fan , Chao Lv , Jianwu Yang

Query expansion is the reformulation of a user query by adding semantically related information, and is an essential component of monolingual and cross-lingual information retrieval used to ensure that relevant documents are not missed.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Roksana Goworek , Eda B. Özyiğit

One technique to improve the retrieval effectiveness of a search engine is to expand documents with terms that are related or representative of the documents' content.From the perspective of a question answering system, this might comprise…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Rodrigo Nogueira , Wei Yang , Jimmy Lin , Kyunghyun Cho

The search for relevant information can be very frustrating for users who, unintentionally, use too general or inappropriate keywords to express their requests. To overcome this situation, query expansion techniques aim at transforming the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Joan Guisado-Gámez , Arnau Prat-Pérez , Josep Lluís Larriba-Pey

Query expansion (QE) enhances retrieval by incorporating relevant terms, with large language models (LLMs) offering an effective alternative to traditional rule-based and statistical methods. However, LLM-based QE suffers from a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kenya Abe , Kunihiro Takeoka , Makoto P. Kato , Masafumi Oyamada

Query Expansion (QE) improves retrieval performance by enriching queries with related terms. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used for QE, but existing methods face a trade-off: generating diverse terms boosts performance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinseok Kim , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Sangyeop Kim , Sungzoon Cho

In this work we leverage recent advances in context-sensitive language models to improve the task of query expansion. Contextualized word representation models, such as ELMo and BERT, are rapidly replacing static embedding models. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Shahrzad Naseri , Jeffrey Dalton , Andrew Yates , James Allan

Text matching is the task of matching two texts and determining the relationship between them, which has extensive applications in natural language processing tasks such as reading comprehension, and Question-Answering systems. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Kexin Jiang , Yahui Zhao , Guozhe Jin , Zhenguo Zhang , Rongyi Cui

In this work several semantic approaches to concept-based query expansion and reranking schemes are studied and compared with different ontology-based expansion methods in web document search and retrieval. In particular, we focus on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-01-20 Valentina Franzoni , Yuanxi Li , Clement H. C. Leung , Alfredo Milani

Developers often depend on code search engines to obtain solutions for their programming tasks. However, finding an expected solution containing code examples along with their explanations is challenging due to several issues. There is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Rodrigo F. Silva , M. Masudur Rahman , Carlos Eduardo Dantas , Chanchal Roy , Foutse Khomh , Marcelo A. Maia

In this paper, we present the experimental work done on Query Expansion (QE) for retrieval tasks of Gujarati text documents. In information retrieval, it is very difficult to estimate the exact user need, query expansion adds terms to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Hardik Joshi , Jyoti Pareek

Query expansion is a technique widely used in image search consisting in combining highly ranked images from an original query into an expanded query that is then reissued, generally leading to increased recall and precision. An important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Albert Gordo , Filip Radenovic , Tamara Berg