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It is well known that evolutionary algorithms can benefit from dynamic choices of the key parameters that control their behavior, to adjust their search strategy to the different stages of the optimization process. A prominent example where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tai Nguyen , Phong Le , Carola Doerr , Nguyen Dang

Temporal difference (TD) methods constitute a class of methods for learning predictions in multi-step prediction problems, parameterized by a recency factor lambda. Currently the most important application of these methods is to temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-02-03 P. Cichosz

Temporal-Difference (TD) learning is a standard and very successful reinforcement learning approach, at the core of both algorithms that learn the value of a given policy, as well as algorithms which learn how to improve policies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Mingde Zhao

Off-policy multi-step reinforcement learning algorithms consist of conservative and non-conservative algorithms: the former actively cut traces, whereas the latter do not. Recently, Munos et al. (2016) proved the convergence of conservative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Tadashi Kozuno , Yunhao Tang , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Steven Kapturowski , Will Dabney , Michal Valko , David Abel

We introduce a dynamic neural algorithm called Dynamic Neural (DN) SARSA(\lambda) for learning a behavioral sequence from delayed reward. DN-SARSA(\lambda) combines Dynamic Field Theory models of behavioral sequence representation,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Sohrob Kazerounian , Matthew Luciw , Mathis Richter , Yulia Sandamirskaya

This paper addresses the issue of policy evaluation in Markov Decision Processes, using linear function approximation. It provides a unified view of algorithms such as TD(lambda), LSTD(lambda), iLSTD, residual-gradient TD. It is asserted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Manuel Loth , Philippe Preux

Value decomposition (VD) methods have achieved remarkable success in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, their reliance on the max operator for temporal-difference (TD) target calculation leads to systematic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuanjun Li , Bin Zhang , Hao Chen , Zhouyang Jiang , Dapeng Li , Zhiwei Xu

Temporal-Difference (TD) learning is a standard and very successful reinforcement learning approach, at the core of both algorithms that learn the value of a given policy, as well as algorithms which learn how to improve policies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Mingde Zhao , Sitao Luan , Ian Porada , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), single-step temporal-difference (TD) learning can suffer from bootstrapping error accumulation over long horizons. Action-chunked TD methods mitigate this by backing up over multiple steps, but can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Gwanwoo Song , Kwanyoung Park , Youngwoon Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) shows great potential in sequential decision-making. At present, mainstream RL algorithms are data-driven, which usually yield better asymptotic performance but much slower convergence compared with model-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yang Guan , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Jie Li , Jianyu Chen , Bo Cheng

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are inefficient for learning multiple tasks in complex robotic systems, where different tasks share a set of actions. In such environments a compound policy may be learnt with shared neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Parijat Dewangan , S Phaniteja , K Madhava Krishna , Abhishek Sarkar , Balaraman Ravindran

We propose a hybrid approach aimed at improving the sample efficiency in goal-directed reinforcement learning. We do this via a two-step mechanism where firstly, we approximate a model from Model-Free reinforcement learning. Then, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Shoubhik Debnath , Gaurav Sukhatme , Lantao Liu

Q-learning is a stochastic approximation version of the classic value iteration. The literature has established that Q-learning suffers from both maximization bias and slower convergence. Recently, multi-step algorithms have shown practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Antony Vijesh , Shreyas S R

This paper develops an unified framework to study finite-sample convergence guarantees of a large class of value-based asynchronous reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. We do this by first reformulating the RL algorithms as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zaiwei Chen , Siva Theja Maguluri , Sanjay Shakkottai , Karthikeyan Shanmugam

We propose Q-learning with Adjoint Matching (QAM), a novel TD-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that tackles a long-standing challenge in continuous-action RL: efficient optimization of an expressive diffusion or flow-matching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiyang Li , Sergey Levine

Given a list of behaviors and associated parameterized controllers for solving different individual tasks, we study the problem of selecting an optimal sequence of coordinated behaviors in multi-robot systems for completing a given mission,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Pietro Pierpaoli , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg , Magnus Egerstedt

Reinforcement learning has achieved great success in many decision-making tasks, and traditional reinforcement learning algorithms are mainly designed for obtaining a single optimal solution. However, recent works show the importance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Fanqi Lin , Shiyu Huang , Weiwei Tu

Motivated by the widespread use of temporal-difference (TD-) and Q-learning algorithms in reinforcement learning, this paper studies a class of biased stochastic approximation (SA) procedures under a mild "ergodic-like" assumption on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-02 Gang Wang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

In many real world applications, reinforcement learning agents have to optimize multiple objectives while following certain rules or satisfying a list of constraints. Classical methods based on reward shaping, i.e. a weighted combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Gabriel Kalweit , Maria Huegle , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

We consider a distributed setup for reinforcement learning, where each agent has a copy of the same Markov Decision Process but transitions are sampled from the corresponding Markov chain independently by each agent. We show that in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoxing Tian , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Alex Olshevsky