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We elaborate the two-fold simplex-like structures of tree amplitudes in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills (N=4 SYM), through its connection to a mathematical structure known as the positive Grassmannian. Exploiting the reduced…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Junjie Rao

We present an integration-by-parts reduction of any massless tree-level string correlator to an equivalence class of logarithmic functions, which can be used to define a field-theory amplitude via a Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formula. The string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-24 Song He , Fei Teng , Yong Zhang

By worldsheet approach, $n$-point one-loop integrand can be expressed as a combination of $(n+2)$-point tree-level bi-adjoint scalar (BS) amplitudes under forward limit. The integrands constructed by this approach have two closely related…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-11 Chongsi Xie , Yi-Jian Du

We propose a new ``universal expansion" for one-loop amplitudes with arbitrary number of gluons in $D$ dimensions, which holds for general gauge theories with gluons/fermions/scalars in the loop, including pure and supersymmetric Yang-Mills…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Song He , Fan Zhu

In this note, we study the Hopf-algebra-based (HAB) formula of Yang-Mills-Scalar (YMS) amplitudes, which expands a YMS amplitude with massive scalars as a combination of propagator matrices that mix massless scalars corresponding to gluons…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-26 Jiexi Liu , Yi-Jian Du

We prove that all tree-level amplitudes in pure (super-)gravity can be expressed as term-wise, gauge-invariant double-copies of those of pure (super-)Yang-Mills obtained via BCFW recursion. These representations are far from unique: varying…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-07 Jacob L. Bourjaily , Nikhil Kalyanapuram , Kokkimidis Patatoukos , Michael Plesser , Yaqi Zhang

We introduce a BCFW shift which can be used to recursively build the full Yang-Mills tree-level amplitude as a function of polarization vectors. Furthermore, in line with the recent results of arXiv:1612.02797, we conjecture that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-17 Laurentiu Rodina

In this article we review, for a mathematical audience, the computation of (tree-level) scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory in detail, in order to bridge the gap in understanding of the subject between mathematicians and physicists.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Shounak De , Dmitrii Pavlov , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

These lectures are centred around tree-level scattering amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theories, the most prominent example is given by the tree-level gluon amplitudes of QCD. I will discuss several ways of computing these amplitudes,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-23 Stefan Weinzierl

We prove the local existence theorem and establish an extension principle for the spherically symmetric Einstein Yang--Mills system (SSEYM) with $H^1$ data. This in addition implies Cauchy stability for the system. In contrast to a massless…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Junbin Li , Jinhua Wang

We report the differential representation of three-point and four-point amplitudes for Yang-Mills fields and Einstein gravity in AdS at tree-level. The amplitudes exhibit the flat-space structures by using the weight-shifting operators with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-28 Yue-Zhou Li

All four-point mixed gluon-graviton amplitudes in pure Einstein-Yang-Mills theory with at most one state of negative helicity are computed at one-loop order and maximal powers of the gauge coupling using D-dimensional generalized unitarity.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-26 Dhritiman Nandan , Jan Plefka , Gabriele Travaglini

In this article a first step is made towards the extension of Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) tree level on-shell recursion relations to integrands and integrals of scattering amplitudes to arbitrary loop order. Surprisingly, it is shown…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-30 Rutger H. Boels

We derive compact analytical formulae for all tree-level color-ordered gauge theory amplitudes involving any number of external gluons and up to three massless quark-anti-quark pairs. A general formula is presented based on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-24 Lance J. Dixon , Johannes M. Henn , Jan Plefka , Theodor Schuster

A perturbative regime based on contortion as a dynamical variable and metric as a (classical) fixed background, is performed in the context of a pure Yang-Mills formulation for gravity in a $2+1$ dimensional space-time. In the massless case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-05 Rolando Gaitan Deveras

We propose a new, twistor string theory inspired formalism to calculate loop amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. In this approach, maximal helicity violating (MHV) tree amplitudes of N=4 super Yang-Mills are used as vertices, using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

Tree-level scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills are known to be Yangian-invariant. It has been shown that integrability allows to obtain a general, explicit method to find such invariants. The uplifting of this result to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-02 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Andrea Orta , Matteo Parisi

Using only general features of the S-matrix and quantum field theory, we prove by induction the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations that link products of gauge theory amplitudes to gravity amplitudes at tree level. As a bonus of our analysis, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-13 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Bo Feng , Thomas Sondergaard

We use the recently developed massive spinor-helicity formalism [1] of Arkani- Hamed et al. to propose a new class of recursion relations for tree-level amplitudes in gauge theories. These relations are based on a combined complex…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-13 Sourav Ballav , Arkajyoti Manna

The recursive method of Berends and Giele to compute tree-level gluon amplitudes is revisited using the framework of ten-dimensional super Yang-Mills. First we prove that the pure spinor formula to compute SYM tree amplitudes derived in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-12 Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer