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Introduced more than a half century ago, Granger causality has become a popular tool for analyzing time series data in many application domains, from economics and finance to genomics and neuroscience. Despite this popularity, the validity…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-10 Ali Shojaie , Emily B. Fox

Statistical inference for non-stationary data is hindered by the failure of classical central limit theorems (CLTs), not least because there is no fixed Gaussian limit to converge to. To resolve this, we introduce relative weak convergence,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Nicolai Palm , Thomas Nagler

In this paper we propose a new approach to the central limit theorem (CLT), based on functions of bounded F\'echet variation for the continuously differentiable linear statistics of random matrix ensembles which relies on: a weaker form of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Mario Diaz , James A. Mingo

This paper studies the central limit theorems (CLTs) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of general sample covariance matrices, when the test functions belong to $C^3$, the class of functions with continuous third order derivatives. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Jian Cui , Zhijun Liu , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai

Two new test statistics are introduced to test the null hypotheses that the sampling distribution has an increasing hazard rate on a specified interval [0,a]. These statistics are empirical L_1-type distances between the isotonic estimates,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Piet Groeneboom , Geurt Jongbloed

We prove a variant of the central limit theorem (CLT) for a sequence of i.i.d. random variables $\xi_j$, perturbed by a stochastic sequence of linear transformations $A_j$, representing the model uncertainty. The limit, corresponding to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-20 Dmitry B. Rokhlin

The non-commutative Central Limit Theorem (CLT) introduced by Speicher in 1992 states that given almost any sequence of non-commutative random variables that commute or anti-commute pair-wise, the *-moments of the normalized partial sum…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-18 Natasha Blitvić

We consider large non-Hermitian random matrices $X$ with complex, independent, identically distributed centred entries and show that the linear statistics of their eigenvalues are asymptotically Gaussian for test functions having…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Giorgio Cipolloni , László Erdős , Dominik Schröder

We develop a multivariate functional autoregressive model (MFAR), which captures the cross-correlation among multiple functional time series and thus improves forecast accuracy. We estimate the parameters under the Bayesian dynamic linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-29 Rituparna Sen , Anandamayee Majumdar , Shubhangi Sikaria

This paper deals simultaneously with linear structural and functional error-in-variables models (SEIVM and FEIVM), revisiting in this context generalized and modified least squares estimators of the slope and intercept, and some methods of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-10-20 Yuliya V. Martsynyuk

Testing for causation, defined as the preceding impact of the past values of one variable on the current value of another one when all other pertinent information is accounted for, is increasingly utilized in empirical research of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-06-22 Abdulnasser Hatemi-J

The law of large numbers (LLN) and central limit theorem (CLT) are long and widely been known as two fundamental results in probability theory. Recently problems of model uncertainties in statistics, measures of risk and superhedging in…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shige Peng

Important information on the structure of complex systems, consisting of more than one component, can be obtained by measuring to which extent the individual components exchange information among each other. Such knowledge is needed to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniele Marinazzo , Mario Pellicoro , Sebastiano Stramaglia

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) establishes that sufficiently large sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables converge in probability to a normal distribution. This makes the CLT a fundamental building block of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Henning Basold , Oisín Flynn-Connolly , Chase Ford , Hao Wang

The intention of this paper is to discuss the mathematical model of causality introduced by C.W.J. Granger in 1969. The Granger's model of causality has become well-known and often used in various econometric models describing causal…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-10-04 M. Bohdalová , M. Kalina , O. Nánásiová

We consider a combination of heavily trimmed sums and sample quantiles which arises when examining properties of clustering criteria and prove limit theorems. The object of interest, which we call the Empirical Cross-over Function, is an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-13 Karthik Bharath , Vladimir Pozdnyakov , Dipak Dey

In this paper, under the assumption that the dimension is much larger than the sample size, i.e., $p \asymp n^{\alpha}, \alpha>1,$ we consider the (unnormalized) sample covariance matrices $Q = \Sigma^{1/2} XX^*\Sigma^{1/2}$, where…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Xiucai Ding , Zhenggang Wang

The limit joint distribution of statistics that are generalizations of some statistics from the NIST STS, TestU01, and other packages is found under the following hypotheses $H_0$ and $H_1$. Hypothesis $H_0$ states that the tested sequence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 M. P. Savelov

We analyze the fluctuations of incomplete $U$-statistics over a triangular array of independent random variables. We give criteria for a Central Limit Theorem (CLT, for short) to hold in the sense that we prove that an appropriately scaled…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Matthias Löwe , Sara Terveer

Mendelian randomization (MR) is widely used to uncover causal relationships in the presence of unmeasured confounders. However, most existing MR methods presuppose linear causality, risking bias when the true relationships are nonlinear,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Xinpei Wang , Tao Huang , Jinzhu Jia